| 黄婷,颜亨梅,汪波,郑安妮.2014.拟环纹豹蛛的视觉距离和颜色选择.动物学杂志,49(5):772-777. |
| 拟环纹豹蛛的视觉距离和颜色选择 |
| Vision Distance and Color Selection of Pardosa pseudoannulata |
| 投稿时间：2013-05-23 修订日期：2014-08-28 |
| DOI：10.13859/j.cjz.201405018 |
| 中文关键词: 拟环纹豹蛛 距离 定位 视觉反应 颜色 |
| 英文关键词:Pardosa pseudoannulata Distance Positioning Visual response Color |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目）№30970421；№31172107 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了探明拟环纹豹蛛（Pardosa pseudoannulata）的视觉距离与环境颜色选择情况，通过采用死果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)和拟环纹豹蛛为试验材料，自制试验设备，分别测定了拟环纹豹蛛的视觉距离（3 cm、4 cm、5 cm、6 cm、7 cm）和其对红、橙、黄、绿颜色的选择。第一组试验中，在拟环纹豹蛛饥饿的情况下，观察记录其对不同距离下果蝇的选择停留时间，以此来确定它们的视觉距离。第二组试验中，观察记录拟环纹豹蛛对不同颜色的选择停留时间，以此来确定它们的环境颜色选择情况。第一组试验结果表明，拟环纹豹蛛在视觉上可以感知距离，它们的视觉对于3cm,4cm,5cm,6cm这4个距离的果蝇都具有敏感性。拟环纹豹蛛对距离3 cm和距离4 cm的果蝇的视觉敏感性相近且最好，对距离5 cm和距离6 cm的果蝇仍具有视觉敏感性，且敏感性相近，但对距离5cm比距离4cm的果蝇的偏爱选择指数明显下降（P<0.05），说明敏感性显著下降，对距离7 cm以上果蝇的视觉感知几乎不存在。通过拟环纹豹蛛选择停留在有果蝇处的标准曲线y=-9.6770x 118.74，R2=0.8378和选择停留在无果蝇处的标准曲线y=9.6750x-18.729，R2=0.8377，可知随着果蝇距离的增加，拟环纹豹蛛视觉的感知性逐渐减弱，甚至消失，说明果蝇的距离与拟环纹豹蛛视觉的敏感性呈负相关的关系。第二组拟环纹豹蛛对颜色选择的试验中，通过计算出拟环纹豹蛛对4种颜色的偏爱选择指数，即红色为35.40%±1.60%，绿色36.03%±1.60%，黄色18.01%±1.60%，橙色10.56%±1.60%，得出拟环纹豹蛛对黄色和橙色的敏感性显著低于对红色和绿色的敏感性（P<0.05），它们对红色和绿色最敏感，说明拟环纹豹蛛对不同波长的光色敏感性存在差异。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Vision distance and color selection of Pardosa pseudoannulata were studied by distance effect testing (3 cm, 4 cm, 5 cm, 6 cm, 7 cm) and color effect testing (redness, orange, yellowness, greenness). The testings were carried out by using P. pseudoannulata and dead Drosophila melanogaster as experiments material and two different groups of experiments equipments which were devised by ourselves. To confirm P. pseudoannulata’s vision distance, we observed and recorded their choice time of D. melanogaster in the different distances when they were hungry. Besiders, we ovbserved and recorded P. pseudoannulata’s choice time of different colors to test their color selection. Preference selection index (PSI) was used to express P. pseudoannulata’s choice situation, which meaned P. pseudoannulata’s choice time of D. melanogaster in the different distances or one color as percentage of total testing time. We tested PSI by the One-way ANOVA test. From results of the first group testing, we found out: (1) P. pseudoannulata had distance perception in vision and they had sensitivity of vision for the D. melanogaster in the distance of three, four, five and six centimeters. (2) P. pseudoannulata had the best and similar sensitivity of vision for the D. melanogaster in the distance of three amd four centimeters. However, the sensitivity of vision for the D. melanogaster in the distance of five centimeters exhibited significant decrease (P<0.05). For the D. melanogaster in the distance of five and six centimeters, P. pseudoannulata also had similar sensitivity. P. pseudoannulata’s sensitivity of vision almost defunctionalized in the distance over seven centimeters. (2) The standard curve of P. pseudoannulata’s choice time of D. melanogaster in the different distances: y=-9.6770x 118.74, R2=0.8378 and the standard curve of P. pseudoannulata’s choice time of “none D. melanogaster” in the different distances: y=9.6750x-18.729, R2=0.8377 suggested that sensitivity of P. pseudoannulata’s vision decreases correspondingly with an increase of D. melanogaster’s distance. The other group testing gave the PSI of choosing color were 35.40%±1.60% ?(redness),?36.03%±1.60% ?(greenness),?18.01%±1.60% ?(yellowness),?and?10.56%±1.60%
?(orange). Sensitivity to yellowness and orange were significantly lower than redness and greenness (P<0.05), indicating that they have the highest sensitivity to redness and greenness. It meaned P. pseudoannulat had different level sensitivity for different wavelength light. |
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