| 马柳安,容粗徨,汪安泰.2014.中国涡虫一新纪录科肠口涡虫属一新纪录种格氏肠口涡虫(原卵黄目, 柱口科).动物学杂志,49(2):244-252. |
| 中国涡虫一新纪录科肠口涡虫属一新纪录种格氏肠口涡虫(原卵黄目, 柱口科) |
| A Newly Recorded Species Named Enterostomula graffi in the Newly Recorded Family Cylindrostomidae (Prolecithophora) from China |
| 投稿时间：2013-10-06 修订日期：2014-03-03 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 涡虫 原卵黄目 柱口科 格氏肠口涡虫 分类学 |
| 英文关键词:Turbellarian Prolecithophora Cylindrostomidae Enterostomula graffi Taxonomy |
| 基金项目:广东省大学生创新项目(No. 1059013017), 深圳大学科技创新团队项目(No. T201203), 国家自然科学基金项目(No. 41176106), 2014年“小平科技创新团队”基金项目 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 原卵黄目(Prolecithophora)柱口科(Cylindrostomidae)肠口涡虫属(Enterostomula)为海栖涡虫, 全球记录3种, 在中国未见报道。作者在广东省深圳市深圳湾海边(22°31′N, 113°56′E)采集到一种海栖涡虫。本文对该种涡虫进行了较为详细的比较研究, 鉴定为柱口科肠口涡虫属格氏肠口涡虫(E. graffi de Beauchamp, 1913), 为中国新纪录科新纪录属一新纪录种。该种涡虫多数个体背部具2条黑色横纹, 部分个体背部花纹有明显变化。眼点2对。雌雄同体, 精巢、卵巢各1个。受精囊位于卵巢与子宫之间; 子宫位于体末端, 后接一微小的外阴道。本文发现: ①该涡虫的尾部腹面具有一个交配囊及一根雌性生殖管, 交配囊是一个由肌肉层组成的袋状囊, 同时与子宫、雌性生殖管相连; ②雌性生殖管外围有明显的生殖腺包裹; ③雌性生殖管孔、阴茎孔与口孔一起通往体外; ④此种涡虫喜分泌黏液将微小杂质粘结呈半球状窝, 虫体隐藏于窝内。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The species of the genus Enterostomula (Prolecithophora, Cylindrostomidae) belong to marine oganisms. Up to now, 3 species have been described. Species of the Cylindrostomidae family have never been reported in China. Species in the genus (E. graffi de Beauchamp, 1913)have been described for 100 years, but their gonoducts and ways of laying eggs have not been discovered yet. Since the locality, morphology and function of the genital ducts have not been confirmed for years, the classification of this genus is influenced.
A species in genus Enterostomula, was collected from the coast of Shenzhen Bay in Shenzhen City (22°31′N, 113°56′E) in Guangdong Province. This study observed longitudinal, transverse and horizontal continuous paraffin sections in order to rebuild the mode pattern of its inner structure. Through the observations of its living body and ontogenesis, the epidermal patterns from the ventral side and dorsal side of the species were described in detail.
The morphological study showed that most individuals had two black bands on the dorsal surface. The turbellarian had 2 pairs of dark black eyes. The turbellarian was hermaphrodite, with one testis and one ovary. The bursa seminalis was located between the ovary and the uterus. The uterus, connected with a tiny vulva, was located at the posterior end of the body. According to the characteristics above, localities of testis and vitellaria of the species matched the description of the Enterostomula graffi de Beauchamp, 1913. It was confirmed as a new recorded species, Enterostomula, Cylindrostomidae, a newly recorded family in order Prolecithophora in China.
Some morphological characteristics were firstly described in this paper such as: (1) the bursa copulatrix and the female gonoduct of this species were located in their ventral side (Plate Ⅲ: 4, 5) (The bursa copulatrix, consisting of muscles, was bursiform and connected with the uterus and the female gonoduct); (2) obvious secretory glands around the female gonoduct (Plate Ⅲ: 4); (3) the foramina of the female gonoduct, the combination of the penis pore and the mouth (Plate Ⅱ: 6, 7); (4) a hemispheric nest made of mucus secreted by itself to dwell in or lay eggs; (5) no bands were found at the back of the hatched larvae and 2 obvious thick black bands were found 4 d after incubation (Plate Ⅰ: 10, 11); and (6) the bands at back of different adult individuals varied obviously, black longitudinal lines were found at their ventral side (Plate Ⅰ: 1, 8).
This paper measured the “bursa seminalis” referred by Jones (1941). It had a diameter of 58μm and the wall consisting of a single layer of secretory cells was 15μm thick, thus it was considered to be a structure of the uterus (Plate Ⅲ: 3, 5, 8). In this paper, some specimens contained ova and spermatozoa in the “plasma mass of germeria” referred to Jones (1941). Thus, the bursa seminalis was considered to be the portion for fertilization (Plate Ⅲ: 1, 2). |
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