| 汤小明,张德怀,马志红,吴同路,张源笙,鲍伟东.2016.北京雾灵山自然保护区冬春季地面活动鸟兽红外相机初步调查.动物学杂志,51(5):751-760. |
| 北京雾灵山自然保护区冬春季地面活动鸟兽红外相机初步调查 |
| Camera Trapping Survey on Ground-dwelling Birds and Mammals of Spring and Winter in Beijing Wulingshan Nature Reserve |
| 投稿时间：2015-11-12 修订日期：2016-08-17 |
| DOI：DOI: 10.13859/j.cjz.201605005 |
| 中文关键词: 行为节律 北京雾灵山 鸟类和兽类 红外相机 相对丰富度 |
| 英文关键词:Activity patterns Beijing Wulingshan Nature Reserve Birds and mammals Camera trapping Relative abundance index |
| 基金项目:北京市科技计划项目：北京市濒危物种拯救和动物肇事防控技术研究与示范（Z121100000312107） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了解北京雾灵山自然保护区野生动物资源现状，于2014年11月至2015年4月，在保护区内放置30台红外相机开展调查。结果共记录鸟类5目14科27种，兽类4目8科10种，其中勺鸡（Pucrasia macrolopha）、红角鸮（Otus sunia）、纵纹腹小鸮（Athene noctua）和中华斑羚（Naemorhedus griseus）为国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物。鸟类物种数月变化剧烈。相对丰富度最高的6种动物为狍（Capreolus pygargus）（60.19）、红嘴蓝鹊（Urocissa erythrorhyncha）（34.14）、星鸦（Nucifraga caryocatactes）（27.78）、岩松鼠（Sciurotamias davidianus）（23.34）、松鸦（Garrulus glandarius）（23.34）、中华斑羚（21.99）。对狍、岩松鼠、中华斑羚进行日活动节律分析，狍属晨昏活动型；中华斑羚有两个活动高峰；岩松鼠的日活动高峰集中在晨间，为单峰型。本研究提供了北京雾灵山部分鸟兽资源的最新动态现状及活动节律信息，同时表明红外相机在拍摄地栖性鸟类、大中型兽类、夜行性动物方面具有优势，而对于非地栖鸟类和小型兽类，红外相机有一定局限性。本研究为应用红外相机技术开展森林野生动物多样性监测提供了经验。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| From November 2014 to April 2015, 30 infrared-triggered automatic cameras were deployed in Beijing Wulingshan Nature Reserve in order to collect the latest data of wild birds and mammals. During the period, 27 species of birds, belonging to 14 families and 5 orders, and 10 species of mammals, belonging to 8 families and 4 orders, were detected, which included 4 second class of state key protected species, Koklass Pheasant (Pucrasia macrolopha), Oriental Scops Owl (Otus sunia), Little Owl (Athene noctua) and Chinese Goral (Naemorhedus griseus) (Table 1 and Table 2). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test indicated the distribution of bird species was normal (Z = 1.534, P = 0.02) whereas the mammal species was not (Z = 0.864, P = 0.44). The number of bird species varied strongly among months. The 6 species that owned the highest relative abundance indexes (RAI) were Roe Deer (Capreolus pygargus, RAI = 60.19), Red-billed Blue Magpie (Urocissa erythrorhyncha, RAI = 34.14), Spotted Nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactes, RAI = 27.78), David′s Rock Squirrel (Sciurotamias davidianus, RAI = 23.34), Eurasian Jay (Garrulus glandarius, RAI = 23.34) and Chinese Goral (RAI = 21.99) (Table 1 and Table 2), of which the mammals were selected to conduct daily activity pattern analyses. The results revealed that the daily rhythm of Roe Deer presented a dimodal pattern with peaks at 8:00﹣10:00 and 16:00﹣18:00 (Fig. 1a), while Chinese Goral had active peaks at 2:00﹣4:00 and 20:00﹣22:00 (Fig. 1b). David′s Rock Squirrel was most active at 8:00﹣10:00 in the morning (Fig. 1c). This study provided the latest information about species diversity and activity rhythm of birds and mammals in Beijing Wulingshan Nature Reserve. It′s advisable to use camera trapping to photograph epigeous bird, large- and medium-sized mammals and nocturnal species, however, inappropriate for little rodents or birds resided in trees. This study offered the valuable practical experience in application of camera trapping in wildlife diversity monitoring in mountain forest. |
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