| 代应贵.2017.贵州蒙江鱼类区系组成及特征分析.动物学杂志,52(2):253-262. |
| 贵州蒙江鱼类区系组成及特征分析 |
| Studies on Fish Fauna of Mengjiang River, Guizhou |
| 投稿时间：2016-05-24 修订日期：2017-02-16 |
| DOI：10.13859/j.cjz.201702009 |
| 中文关键词: 珠江 蒙江 鱼类 动物区系 动物地理区划 |
| 英文关键词:The Pearl River The Mengjiang River Fish Fauna Zoogeographic division |
| 基金项目:贵州省留学人员科技活动项目[黔人项目(2013)10] |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 基于2014 ~ 2015年对贵州蒙江流域的野外调查，合并过去的零星采集，共计收集蒙江鱼类标本5 206号，经鉴定为65种（或亚种）。结合历史文献，蒙江共分布有鱼类75种（或亚种），隶属7目18科56属。其中，鳗鲡（Anguilla japonica）为洄游鱼类，食蚊鳉（Gambusia affinis）、陈氏新银鱼（Neosalanx tangkahkeii）、尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）为外来种。与历史调查记录相比，本调查新增蒙江鱼类记录41种（或亚种）。蒙江鱼类组成，以鲤形目鱼类占显著优势，共计有51种（或亚种），占总种（或亚种）数的68.0%。在科的水平，以鲤科为主要类群，占总种（或亚种）数的60.0%。其次，鲇科和鲿科物种较多，分别有3和4种鱼类。UPGMA聚类分析表明，蒙江鱼类组成，与西江上游支流北盘江具有高度相似性。蒙江鱼类区系中，以华南区指示性种类最多，其次为华东区代表性种类较多，缺乏北方区指示性成分。蒙江鲤科鱼类由老第三纪原始类群、东亚类群、南方类群和青藏高原类群等4个类群组成，并以老第三纪原始类群占优势，缺乏北方冷水性类群种类。蒙江鱼类区系具有物种多样性高、区系成分复杂、特有种和受威胁种类多、富于适应急流环境鱼类和具有云贵高原东部地区鱼类区系特殊组成等特点。蒙江鱼类区系属于东洋区南亚亚区。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To elucidate the composition and characteristics of fish fauna in the Mengjiang River (located in the Pearl River system), Guizhou, the fish species from the river was thoroughly surveyed as well as the fish specimen collected by gill-net from 20 sampling sites along the Mengjiang River between April 2014 to September 2015 (Fig. 1). A total of 5206 individuals of fish specimen belonging to 65 species or sub-species from the Mengjiang River were collected in this research. Combining with historical records, totally 75 species or sub-species of fishes , which belonged to 7 orders, 18 families and 56 genera, distributed in the Mengjiang river (Appendix). Of these fishes, Anguilla japonica was migratory species, Gambusia affinis, Neosalanx tangkahkeii and Oreochromis niloticus were introduced ones, and 41 species or sub-species were new records in the Mengjiang River. Total of 51 species or sub-species fishes belonged to Cypriniformes that constituted the largest fish group and took up 68.0% of fishes in the river. The cyprinid fishes were dominant group and accounted for 60.0% of total fish species in the Mengjiang River. Then 3 or 4 species respectively belonged to each family of Siluridae, Bagridae in Siluriformes. The fish fauna in the Mengjiang River was much similar to that in the Beipan River according to the UPGMA clustering analysis (Fig. 2). The fish fauna of the river was mainly composed of fish representative species in South China region and then East China region. No fish species which occur in North China region was detected by this study. The cyprinid fishes in the Mengjiang River comprised the species in “Early Tertiary Period Primitive Group”, “East Asia Group”, “South Group” and “Qinghai-Tibetan plateau group” and excluded the fishes in “North Cold Water Group”, and the “Early Tertiary Period Primitive Group” had much more fish species than any of the other groups in Cyprinidae in the river. The fish fauna in the Mengjiang River showed high species diversity and included complicate ichthyofauna components. Also, it comprised abundant fish species that are threatened and endemic to China, as well as fishes living in riptide. Moreover, the fish fauna was characterized by the fish species group only occurring in the East Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. The fish fauna in the Mengjiang River belonged to the South Asiatic Subregion in the Oriental Region. |
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