| 郑方东,王彦武,刘西,李树然,张永普.2018.黑眶蟾蜍的两性异形与选型配对模式.动物学杂志,53(3):360-367. |
| 黑眶蟾蜍的两性异形与选型配对模式 |
| Sexual Dimorphism and Assortative Mating Pattern in Duttaphrynus melanostictus |
| 投稿时间：2017-11-28 修订日期：2018-04-24 |
| DOI：10.13859/j.cjz.201803005 |
| 中文关键词: 两栖动物 生育力选择 性选择 自然选择 配对模式 |
| 英文关键词:Amphibian Fecundity selection Sexual selection Natural selection Mating pattern |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1930 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 本研究以黑眶蟾蜍（Duttaphrynus melanostictus）为研究对象，通过对比黑眶蟾蜍抱对个体的体长、头长、头宽、眼间距、鼓膜径、耳后腺长、眼径、前臂及手长、前肢长以及后肢长等形态特征，分析雌性黑眶蟾蜍繁殖输出与其体型的关系，探究黑眶蟾蜍两性异形模式及其与雌性生育力的关系；同时通过对配对个体形态学特征的相关性分析探究了黑眶蟾蜍的配对模式。结果表明，黑眶蟾蜍雌性体长和体重显著大于雄体；两性的所有局部形态特征均与体长成正相关；去除体长因素影响后，雄性头长以及后肢长均明显大于雌性，其余局部形态特征两性间则皆无显著差异。雌体的窝卵重、窝卵数均与其体长和体重成正相关关系。雌性成体的前肢长与抱对雄性成体的前肢长之间呈显著正相关，其余形态特征两性间均无相关性。研究表明，生育力选择是导致黑眶蟾蜍两性异形的重要驱动力；黑眶蟾蜍的选型配对模式未表现在个体大小上，而是体现在局部特征（前肢长），这不仅为揭示两栖类配对模式的普遍性提供了参考，还表明对两栖类选型配对的研究应以多个性状为对象。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To detect the sexual dimorphism pattern and its relationship between female fecundity in anuran, we caught 45 pairs of mating Duttaphrynus melanostictus individuals from Huangqiao Conservation Station in Wuyanling National Nature Reserve in March 2015, and measured their morphological traits [snout-vent length (SVL), head length (HL), head width (HW), interorbital space (IOS), tympanum diameter (TD), parotoid gland length (PGL), eye diameter (ED), length of lower arm and hand (LAHL), forelimb length (FLL), hindlimb length (HLL), body mass (BM)]. Then we collected female eggs to calculate their reproductive output (clutch mass and clutch size). We used linear regression to detect the relationship between morphological characteristics and SVL, the relationship between reproductive and body size, and the relationship of morphology within mating pairs. Paired t-tests were used to compare SVL and BM between sexes. One-way ANCOVAs were used to compare other morphological traits between sexes with SVL as covariate. We found female D. melanostictus had larger body size than males (Fig. 1, Table 1). Other morphological traits were positively correlated with SVL in both sexes (Fig. 2). Head length and hindlimb length were greater in males than in females after removing the effect of SVL, but other morphological characteristics did not differ significantly between sexes (Table 1). Both clutch size and clutch mass were positively related with female SVL and BM (Fig. 3), indicating that females could increase their fertility through increasing body size. Thus, in D. melanostictus, the formation of size sexual dimorphism was dominated by fecundity selection, while sexual dimorphism in other traits might be influenced by sexual selection and natural selection. Furthermore, we found only forelimb length showed significant correlation within paired toads (Fig. 4), which indicated there was assortative mating by forelimb length in D. melanostictus. In conclusion, current study provided direct evidence that fecundity selection could shape sexual dimorphism pattern in anuran, but also indicated that sexual selection and natural selection could influence the evolution of sexual dimorphism. Moreover, our results provided case study on assortative mating pattern in amphibians, and highlighted the importance of detecting multiple traits in assortative mating research. |
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