The Chaihe forest area is located in the northern part of the Zhang Guang Cai ridge of the Changbai Mountain branch. The forest harvesting and plantation in the last few decades have changed the typical transitional characteristics of the broad-leaved forest belt in the past. The change of habitat structure will lead to the change of rodent community pattern. In order to elucidate the formation of the structure and pattern of the small rodent community, grasp the dynamics of community and the trend of development in Chaihe forest area, we conducted a survey of small rodents by trap day methods in 5 habitats of coniferous forest, broad-leaved forest, meadow, the along river forest and farmland of Xinfangzi, Daqinggou and Erdaohezi region between 2012 to 2015 (Table 1 and Table 2). According to the 20 m × 5 m specifications, line spacing of 20 m, 5 m between traps at the same row, we trapped the rodents for 24 hours using the seed of gourd. We trapped rodents once a year at each sample plot. Totally, we got 6 244 trap days during the 4 years and captured 1 025 individuals of todents. The results showed that Clethrionomys rufocanus and Apodemus peninsulae were the dominant species of coniferous (Table 3), among them, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest for C. rufocanus optimal habitat, broad-leaved forest was the most suitable habitat of A. peninsulae. A. agrarius and Cricetulus triton were dominant species in farmland, Microtus fortis was found only in meadows (Table 4). The total capture rate decreases with altitude decreasing, the population change of Clethrionomys rufocanus played a major role. A. peninsulae capture rate increases gradually, had a stronger adaptability to the disturbance of agricultural economy. The distribution of Rattus norvegicus was inluenced by the local residential density, Clethrionomys rutilus was mainly distributed in a relatively high altitude mixed forest of coniferous and broad-leaved trees (Table 5 and Table 6). Coniferous forest area of Chaihe forest area appeared the transition from coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest to broad-leaved forest, lost its typical features of previous, in recent decades compairing our results with the report of Sun Ruyong (1962b). The changes in the community pattern of small rodents were also found, although there were vertical changes in natural conditions and the rules of agricultural activity, an adaptive change in habitat change at the same time, it also showed the great impact of regional habitat characteristics on the distribution of microhabitat rodents at sampling points (Table 7 and Fig. 1).