In order to understand the male calls characteristics of the poorly known Leptobrachium tengchongense, field survey was conducted on 27th February 2018 in Dahetou Ranger Station of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve, Tengchong City of Yunnan, China, aiming to obtain the records of male calls during its breeding season. A total of 78 male calls, belonging to six adult male individuals, were recorded using a digital recorder (TASCAM DR-40); the calls were analyzed using the Raven Pro ? v.1.5 software. The results show that, adult males of Leptobrachium tengchongense could make two different types of calls during the breeding season, namely advertisement call and combat call (Fig. 1). Both are single-note calls, and all have a dominant frequency of 1.31﹣1.50 kHz (Table 1). The combat calls are normally emitted when there are other males calling nearby, and its call duration is comparatively longer than those of advertisement calls (610 ± 187.0 ms vs. 147 ± 30.1 ms), and contains more pulses (28 ± 10.7 pulses/s vs. 15 ±2.4 pulses/s). There are variations on the call duration and intercall-interval among six individuals, and these variations may correlate with body size; however, due to the limited sample size, more records are needed in order to clarify the relationship between the body size and its call characteristics. Based on the survey result, we also discuss the current two major threats, habitat degradation and human consumption on tadpoles, to the species and propose relevant conservation actions.