The Eurasian Red Squirrel(Sciurus vulgaris),an omnivorous rodent in forests,distributes widely in Eurasia.In Europe,its population size decreased rapidly due to invading of Eastern Grey Squirrels(S.carolinensis).Therefore,the ecology of Eurasian Red Squirrels was concerned and intensively studied.In China,the ecological research on the Eurasian Red Squirrels focused on their hoarding behavior.This paper reviewed the achievements of ecological studies on autecology,population ecology,interspecific relationship and behavior ecology.Eurasian Red Squirrel can be used as a valuable model in mammalian ecological studies.For the further researches,the following fields should be focus on:(1)comparative ecology at different distribution regions,(2)role of Eurasian Red Squirrels in the natural forest regeneration,(3)metapopulation dynamics and its response to habitat fragmentation,(4)molecular phylogeography,and(5)as an experimental species in landscape management.