| 李文祥,张立强,高谦,聂品.2008.西藏拉萨河鱼类内寄生蠕虫的种类组成及其群落特征.动物学杂志,43(2):1-8. |
| 西藏拉萨河鱼类内寄生蠕虫的种类组成及其群落特征 |
| Endohelminths and Their Community Characteristics in Fish of the Lhasa River in Tibet of China |
| 投稿时间：2007-08-15 修订日期：2008-01-14 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 寄生蠕虫 寄生虫群落 鱼类 拉萨河 西藏 |
| 英文关键词:Endohelminth Parasite community Fish Lhasa River Tibet |
| 基金项目:中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(No.KSCX2-YW-N-055) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 2004年7月对西藏拉萨河鱼类的体内寄生蠕虫进行了调查,共采集到7种鱼类,其中6种隶属于裂腹鱼亚科,1种隶属于鳅科。在这些鱼类中,共发现了2种棘头虫和1种棘头虫未定种、3种线虫、3种绦虫及异肉吸虫属(Allocreadium)的种类。它们分别是青海新棘吻虫(Neoechinorhynchus qinghaiensis)、裸鲤棘头虫(Echinorhynchus gymnocyprii)和新棘吻虫未定种(Neoechinorhynchus sp.),希蚋杆咽线虫(Rhabdochona hellichi)、对盲囊线虫(Contracaecum sp.)和胃瘤线虫(Eustrongylides sp.),东方短结绦虫(Breviscolex orientalis)、舌状绦虫(Ligula sp.)和裂头绦虫(Diphyllobothrium sp.),以及寄生裂腹鱼的异肉吸虫(Allocreadium spp.)。对青海新棘吻虫、杆咽线虫、东方短结绦虫、异肉吸虫和新棘吻虫未定种在鱼类中发育成熟的寄生虫进行了形态描述。从不同的裂腹鱼中获得的异肉吸虫属的种类未能鉴定到种;其他没有鉴定到种的寄生虫主要是利用鱼类作为中间寄主的种类,其种类鉴定则有赖于成虫的获得。迄今为止,青海新棘吻虫和裂腹鱼异肉吸虫(A.schizothoracis)仅在裂腹鱼类中被发现,可能表明裂腹鱼具有特异性的棘头虫和异肉吸虫。在所检查的7种鱼类中,除异齿裂腹鱼(Schizothorax oconnori)没有发现蠕虫外,其他6种鱼都发现了4~6种蠕虫,显示较高的物种丰富度;5种裂腹鱼蠕虫群落的Shannon-Wiener指数较高(0.6131~1.5434),而细尾高原鳅(Triplophysa stenura)的较低(0.2911);5种裂腹鱼寄生虫群落之间的相似性相对较高,为(0.1732±0.2303)~0.3751±0.2758,而裂腹鱼与细尾高原鳅的相似性则较低,为(0.0288±0.0877)~0.0916±0.1618。在这些寄生蠕虫中,以鱼类为中间宿主的寄生虫种类有4种,他们都以鸟类为终末寄主,因而也在一定程度上反映了该地区的动物区系组成。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Endohelminths were investigated in seven species of fish,including six in the Schizothoracinae and one in the Coitidae in Lhasa River in Tibet of China in July 2004. A total of 9 species of endohelminths were recorded in addition to digeneans in the Allocreadium,including 3 species of acanthocephalans,i.e.Neoechinorhynchus qinghaiensis,Echinorhynchus gymnocyprii and the unidentified species Neoechinorhynchus sp.,3 species of nematodes,i.e.Rhabdochona hellichi,Contracaecum sp.,Eustrongylides sp.,3 species of cestodes,i.e.Breviscolex orientalis,Ligula sp.,Diphyllobothrium sp.Morphological characters of N.qinghaiensis,R.hellichi,B.orientalis,digeneans in the Allocreadium spp.and the unidentified acanthocephalans Neoechinorhynchus sp.were described.Specimens of Allocreadium could not be identified to species due to their morphological variations in different fish hosts of Schizothoracinae.Other helminths which use fish as intermediate hosts were also unable to be identified to species level.Since N.qinghaiensis and Allocreadium spp.were reported in other species of fish in the Schizothoracinae,findings of the acanthocephalan and digeneans in Lhasa River may suggest that they be specialists in fish of the Schizothoracinae.4 to 6!helminth species were found in the fish species examined in the Lhasa River,indicating a high species richness,with the exception of no single endohelminth parasite detected in Schizothorax oconnori.The Shannon-Wiener index for 5 species in the Schizothoracinae (0.613 1-1.543 4) were much higher than in Triplophysa stenura (0.291 1).Similarities among the 5 species were relatively high (0.173 2±0.230 3)-(0.375 1±0.275 8),whereas similarities between the Schizothoracinae and T.stenura were rather low (0.028 8±0.087 7)-(0.091 6±0.161 8).In the present study,4 allogenic parasite species which mature in final bird hosts were recorded,which may at least to some extent reflects the fauna composition in this high land area of Tibet. |
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