Uncoupling proteins(UCPs) increase proton leakage across the inner mitochondrial membrane.UCP1 in brown adipose tissue dissipates proton motive force as heat.This mechanism of nonshivering thermogenesis is considered as a monophyletic trait of endothermic placental mammals and provided a crucial advantage for life in the cold.Thereby,UCP1 is thus the only protein capable of mediating cold-acclimation-recruited adaptive adrenergic nonshivering thermogenesis.In this study,the content of UCP1 in BAT in Tree Shrews(Tupaia belangeri) was measured during cold exposure for 0 day,7 days,21 days and 28 days by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The body weight,BAT weight,mitochondrial protein contents and UCP1 contents greatly increased with the cold exposure.The UCP1 content increased by 55.9%(P<0.01) significantly after 28 days cold acclimation.The changes in BAT thermogenic properties are important for the survival under cold stress in T.belangeri.