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软体动物和甲壳动物酚氧化酶的研究进展
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基金项目:

福建省科技重点项目(No.2007N0048);集美大学创新团队项目(No.2008A001);集美大学校启动金(No.ZQ2007002)


Phenoloxidase in Mollusca and Crustacean
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    摘要:

    软体动物和甲壳动物的很多品种都是重要的经济养殖品种。随着养殖业集约化程度的提高,各种病害频繁发生,造成了巨大的经济损失。于是越来越多的人开始关注软体动物和甲壳动物的免疫防御系统,并对其进行研究。酚氧化酶(phenoloxidase,PO)是一种含铜的氧化酶,广泛存在于微生物、动物和植物体内。作为酚氧化酶原激活系统的重要一员,PO在无脊椎动物的先天免疫机制中起着重要的作用,有关其生物化学、免疫学和分子生物学特性的研究一直以来受到广泛关注,尤其在节肢动物中进展很快。作者对酚氧化酶在软体和甲壳动物中的功能、组织定位及表达、基因克隆和序列分析及其系统演化等几个方面的研究进展进行了综述。基因序列分析和系统进化树证据均表明,催化功能相同的软体动物酪氨酸酶与节肢动物PO的基因有较大差异。该结果对目前被广泛接受并使用的酪氨酸酶专门用于哺乳类,酚氧化酶专门用于无脊椎动物的分类法提出了挑战。因此作者建议,将酚氧化酶专门用于节肢动物,酪氨酸酶用于软体动物等非节肢动物和脊椎动物。

    Abstract:

    Most of the Mollusca and Crustacean are economic species.The diseases related to environmental deterioration and germ plasm degeneration have caused great economic loss.More and more studies have been focusing on the immune defense system of Mollusca and Crustacean.As a key part of prophenoloxidase-activated system,phenoloxidase(PO) plays an important role in initial immune defense of invertebrates.The function,tissue location and expression,gene cloning and sequence analysis,as well as phylogenetic analysis of PO in Mollusca and Crustacean are reviewed in this paper.The results from sequence and phylogenetic analysis evidently indicate that although the tyrosinase from Mollusca and the PO from Crustacean are isoenzymes,their encoded genes are quite different.This evidence challenges to the widely accepted view that PO belongs to invertebrates,while tryosinase belongs to vertebrates.Therefore,PO only should be specified to arthropod,while the tryosinase should be referred to mollusca and other non-arthropod as well as vertebrates.

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吴曙,王淑红,王艺磊,张子平.2009.软体动物和甲壳动物酚氧化酶的研究进展.动物学杂志,44(5):137-146.

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  • 收稿日期:2009-02-24
  • 最后修改日期:2009-06-23
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