都江堰林区取食樱桃果实(种子)的鸟类及其种子扩散作用
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国家自然科学基金项目(No.30770372,30500072)


Frugivorous Birds and Its Impacts on Seed Dispersal of Wild Cherry(Prunus pseudocerasus) in a Dujiangyan Forest,China
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    摘要:

    樱桃(Prunus pseudocerasus)是广泛分布于我国亚热带常绿阔叶林内的一种重要核果植物。为了解食果鸟类在樱桃种群更新中的作用,于2007年和2008年在四川都江堰亚热带常绿阔叶林内研究了取食樱桃果实(种子)的鸟类及其种子扩散作用。研究表明,樱桃成熟果实的下落高峰发生在4月下旬至5月上旬;2007年的种子扩散率为4.0%±1.0%,明显低于2008年(27.7%±5.7%)。在研究地内,发现至少有16种鸟取食樱桃果实或种子,根据其对果实和种子的处理方式分为3个功能群:白头鹎(Pycnontus sinensis)、领雀嘴鹎(Spizixos semitorques)、黑鹎(Hypisipetes leucocephalus)、白颊噪鹛(Garrulax snnio)、红嘴蓝鹊(Urocissa erythorhyncha)等10种鸟吞食樱桃果实,而种子通过消化道末端排出并将种子携至远离母树的地方,是重要的种子扩散者;暗绿绣眼鸟(Alcippe morrisonia)和灰眶雀鹛(Zosterops iaponicus)等4种鸟主要啄食果肉而将种子丢弃在母树下,为啄食果肉者;而普通朱雀(Carpopacus erythrinus)<和灰头鸦雀(Paradoxornis gularis)则主要取食种子,为纯粹的种子捕食者。在吞食樱桃果实的食果鸟中,3种鹎科鸟类访问频次所占的比例达55.3%(2007年)和35.3%(2008年),说明鹎科鸟类是都江堰林区樱桃种子的主要扩散者,对樱桃种群的空间格局和自然更新可能有重要影响。

    Abstract:

    As one important fruit plant,wild cherry (Prunus pseudocerasus) is widely distributed in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests in China.In 2007 and 2008,fruit removal by frugivorous birds and its potential impacts on seed dispersal and natural regeneration of wild cherry were investigated in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Dujiangyan City of Sichuan Province,Southwest China.The results showed that the falling peak of ripe fruits occurred from late April to early May,but the proportion of fruits removed by birds was significantly lower in 2007(4.0%±1.0%) than in 2008(27.7%±5.7%).In the study site,we identified at least 16 bird species consuming cherry fruits or seeds,which belong to the following three functional groups based on their fruit/seed handling behaviors:legitimate seed dispersers,which swallowed whole fruits and defecated intact seeds away from parent plants through the end of gut,including Pycnontus sinensis,Spizixos semitorques,Hypisipetes leucocephalus,Garrulax snnio and Urocissa erythorhyncha; pulp consumers,which only consumed fruit pulps but dropped seeds under parent plants,e.g.Alcippe morrisonia and Zosterops iaponicus; and pure seed consumers such as Carpopacus erythrinus and Paradoxornis gularis. Among the legitimate seed dispersers,the total visiting frequency by three Pycnonotidae birds (P.sinensis,S.semitorques and H.leucocephalus) was very high in both years,up to 55.3%(2007) and 35.3%(2008),respectively.This suggests that the three Pycnonotidae birds are main seed dispersers to wild cherry and could have a substantial impact on spatial patterns and natural regeneration of wild cherry in the Dujiangyan forest.

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姜明敏,曹林,肖治术,郭聪.2010.都江堰林区取食樱桃果实(种子)的鸟类及其种子扩散作用.动物学杂志,45(1):27-34.

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  • 收稿日期:2009-06-30
  • 最后修改日期:2009-10-30