| 迪力夏提·阿不力孜,马合木提·哈力克,艾尼瓦尔·吐米尔,阿尔孜古力·沙塔尔.2010.新疆塔里木马鹿沙雅种群的生境变化分析.动物学杂志,45(4):72-80. |
| 新疆塔里木马鹿沙雅种群的生境变化分析 |
| Habitat Alternation Analysis on Xayar Population of Tarim Red Deer in Xinjiang,China |
| 投稿时间：2010-01-07 修订日期：2010-04-21 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 塔里木马鹿 沙雅县 地理信息系统 遥感 生境丧失 生境破碎化 |
| 英文关键词:Tarim Red Deer Cervus elaphus yarkandensis Xayar County GIS RS Habitat lost Habitat fragmentation |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(No.30660025);新疆大学动物学重点学科资助 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 塔里木马鹿(Cervus elaphus yarkandensis)沙雅种群主要分布在新疆维吾尔自治区沙雅县和库车县境内。为了评估该马鹿种群的生境现状、变化趋势和变化原因,通过野外实地考察,利用GIS和RS技术,分别解译了当地过去4个年份(1972～2006年)夏季的Landsat TM/ETM+遥感影像,得到了塔里木马鹿生境变化数据:①2006年的农田面积为27082.24hm2,高盖度植被面积22616.25hm2,中盖度植被面积66703.62hm2,低盖度植被面积64470.62hm2,水体面积39735.89hm2,荒漠面积63497.26hm2,沙漠面积40308.45hm2;②过去的34年间农田面积增加了89.2%(12768hm2),高盖度植被面积减少60.1%(34125hm2),中盖度植被面积增加了17.2%(9791hm2),低盖度植被面积增加了37.3%(17520hm2),水体面积减少26.6%(14429hm2),荒漠面积增加6.9%(4123hm2),沙漠面积增加12.6%(4523hm2);③高盖度植被的斑块数量增加了20.9%,平均斑块面积下降了48.3%,最大斑块指数下降了33.3%;景观丰富度并没有变化,但Shannon多样性指数和Shannon均匀度指数分别增加了2.5%;④高盖度植被面积变化分别与当地的人口数量和畜牧存栏数呈显著负相关(r=-1.000),而农田、沙漠和荒漠面积分别与当地人口数量及畜牧存栏数呈显著正相关(r=0.800,r=1.000,r=0.800)。表明塔里木马鹿沙雅种群生境的丧失及破碎化程度较为严重;生境丧失及破碎化是人类活动和自然环境变化共同作用的结果。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The Xayar populations of Tarim Red Deer (Cervus elaphus yarkandensis) are mainly distributed within borders of Xayar and Kuche County. We used RS and GIS technology to interpret LANDSAT TM /ETM + satellite image of the study area and analyzed the main factors influencing Tarim Red Deer’s habitat to examine its habitat status. Results showed that:①the size of farmland,high,middle and low coverage vegetation,water body,desertification area,sand land were 27 082. 24 hm2 ,22 616. 25 hm2 ,66 703. 62 hm2 ,64 470. 62 hm2 , 39 735. 89 hm2 ,63 497. 26 hm2 ,40 208. 45 hm2 in 2006 respectively; ② during the past 34 years (1972-2006) the size of farmland increased by 89. 2% (12 768 hm2),high coverage vegetation decreased by 60. 1% (34 125 hm2), middle and low coverage vegetation increased by 17. 2% (9 791 hm2) and 37. 3% (17 520 hm2)respectively,water area decreased by 26. 6% (14 429 hm2),sand land and desertification area increased by 6. 9% (4 123 hm2) and 12. 6% (4 523 hm2)respectively;③for the habitat type of high coverage vegetation,the number of patches increased by 20. 9% ,the mean patches area decreased by 48. 3% ,the largest patch index decreased by 33. 3% ; the patch richness remained the same,but the Shannon’s diversity index and the Shannon’s evenness index increased by 2. 5% ,respectively; ④ the size of high coverage vegetation negatively correlated with human population and livestock population (r =-1. 000),but the size of farmlands, desertification area and sand land positively correlated with human population and livestock population (r=0. 800,r=1. 000,r=0. 800) . These indicate that the habitat lost and fragmentation for the Xayar population of Tarim Red Deer increased sharply during the past 34 years and it is the combined consequence of environmental force and human activities. |
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