The Xayar populations of Tarim Red Deer (Cervus elaphus yarkandensis) are mainly distributed within borders of Xayar and Kuche County. We used RS and GIS technology to interpret LANDSAT TM /ETM + satellite image of the study area and analyzed the main factors influencing Tarim Red Deer’s habitat to examine its habitat status. Results showed that:①the size of farmland,high,middle and low coverage vegetation,water body,desertification area,sand land were 27 082. 24 hm² ,22 616. 25 hm² ,66 703. 62 hm² ,64 470. 62 hm² , 39 735. 89 hm² ,63 497. 26 hm² ,40 208. 45 hm² in 2006 respectively; ② during the past 34 years (1972-2006) the size of farmland increased by 89. 2% (12 768 hm²),high coverage vegetation decreased by 60. 1% (34 125 hm²), middle and low coverage vegetation increased by 17. 2% (9 791 hm²) and 37. 3% (17 520 hm²)respectively,water area decreased by 26. 6% (14 429 hm²),sand land and desertification area increased by 6. 9% (4 123 hm²) and 12. 6% (4 523 hm²)respectively;③for the habitat type of high coverage vegetation,the number of patches increased by 20. 9% ,the mean patches area decreased by 48. 3% ,the largest patch index decreased by 33. 3% ; the patch richness remained the same,but the Shannon’s diversity index and the Shannon’s evenness index increased by 2. 5% ,respectively; ④ the size of high coverage vegetation negatively correlated with human population and livestock population (r =-1. 000),but the size of farmlands, desertification area and sand land positively correlated with human population and livestock population (r=0. 800,r=1. 000,r=0. 800) . These indicate that the habitat lost and fragmentation for the Xayar population of Tarim Red Deer increased sharply during the past 34 years and it is the combined consequence of environmental force and human activities.