The stream fish diversity in Hunan Hupignshan National Nature Reserve was investigated from August 2007 to September 2008,and 3 420 fish specimens were collected,incuding 39 species,belonging to 35 genera,16 subfamilies,11 families and 4 orders.,Among them 5 species were herbivorous,18 carnivorous and 15 omnivorous.Moreover,Beaufortia szechuanensis and Liobagrus anguillicauda were the new records in Hunan Province.The fish diversity index(H′) was 2.612,the abundance index(D) was 3.461,and the evenness index(J) was 0.706.In the study area,21 species adapted to mountain streams with fast flow were dominant,accounting for 51.2% of the total species.Two species,Phoxinus oxycephalus and Onychostoma barbata(whose relative abundance were 23.6% and 23.4%,respectively) were the most dominant species.