| 吴旭峰,沈和定,吴文健,章承军,王玲,张雨.2010.我国华东沿海4种石磺形态学比较.动物学杂志,45(6):92-100. |
| 我国华东沿海4种石磺形态学比较 |
| Comparison on Morphology of Onchidiidae in Eastern Coast of China |
| 投稿时间：2010-05-17 修订日期：2010-07-06 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 石磺 生态习性 外部形态 内部结构 主要差异 |
| 英文关键词:Onchidiidae Habitat External shape Internal structure Main difference |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(No.30972259);上海市教委重点学科项目(No.J50701) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 我国华东沿海分布有瘤背石磺(Onchidium struma)、平疣桑椹石磺(Platevindex mortoni)、里氏拟石磺(Paraoncidium reevesii)、紫色疣石磺(Peronia verruculata)4属4种石磺,后3种为我国大陆沿海新纪录种。通过野外实地调查和实验室暂养分别观察了其生态习性及外部形态,测定外形主要生物学性状指标进行统计分析;同时解剖比较4种石磺的生殖系统和消化系统等内部结构。结果显示,4种石磺的生活区域分别从潮间带中潮区至高潮区再到潮上带而呈现梯度分布状态,生活区域的不同导致生活习性、呼吸方式的不同;4种石磺外部形态差别明显,身体背部和腹足的颜色不同,平疣桑椹石磺没有背眼,腹足灰黑色或灰白色,惟紫色疣石磺有树枝状鳃;在内部结构中,平疣桑椹石磺无阴茎附属腺,里氏拟石磺无阴茎牵引肌且与紫色疣石磺一样不具有肛门腺。主要生物学性状数据分析得出足长和足宽是典型代表数据,判别分析得出呼吸孔至身体末端距离与肛门至呼吸孔距离的比例是属种间具有显著性意义的观察指标,从外形及内部主要结构比较发现将它们分属4个种是准确的。外部形态的特殊结构以及内部结构主要差异可作为石磺科分类的主要依据;比较我国华东沿海石磺的形态学差异能为石磺科贝类模式种资料的重新修订提供良好的研究基础。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| There are four species of Onchidiidae in eastern coastal areas of China: Onchidium struma,Platevindex mortoni,Paraoncidium reevesii and Peronia verruculata.The last three species are new record ones in mainland China.Their ecological habits and external morphology were observed through field investigation and laboratory culture.The main indicators of biological characteristics were measured for statistical analysis.The reproductive system and digestive system of the four species were compared after anatomical observation of internal structure.The results indicate that the living habitats of these four species show a gradient which are respectively from a low tide zone to the high tide zone of the intertidal zone and then to supratidal zone.Their living habits and the ways of breathing are different because of different habitats.The differences on the externalmorphology of the four species are significant of which the color of feet and dorsal are different.Platevindex mortoni has no dorsal eyes with a gray black or grey white foot,and only Peronia verruculata has dendritic gills.The internal structure shows that Platevindex mortoni has no penis subsidiary gland while Paraoncidium reevesii has no penis traction muscles and as same as Peronia verruculata which has no anal glands.Foot length and foot width are found as typical indicators in the analysis of biological data of four species.The ratio of the length of pneumostome to posterior and anus to pneumostome is a significant observation indicator in comparison of genera and species.The special external structure and differences of the internal structure can be one of the main basis for classification in Onchidiidae.The comparative study of four species in eastern coastal areas of China has great significance to basic research in amending new type species and morphological re-description of Onchidiidae. |
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