| 孔飞,何玉邦,张洪峰,张虎,车利锋,孙建青,吴晓民.2011.青海湖湿地鸭科鸟类群落结构.动物学杂志,46(6):57-64. |
| 青海湖湿地鸭科鸟类群落结构 |
| Anatidae Bird Community in the Qinghai Lake Wetland |
| 投稿时间：2011-07-09 修订日期：2011-09-09 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 鸭科鸟类 多样性指数 青海湖湿地 人类活动 |
| 英文关键词:Anatidae birds Diversity index Qinghai Lake Wetland Human activities |
| 基金项目:十一五国家科技支撑计划项目(No.2007BAC30B) |
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| 摘要点击次数: 2717 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 2007~2010年每年4~10月,采用直接计数法对青海湖周边6种典型生境包括河口湿地、湖泊、淡水沼泽、淡水泉、岩石湖岸、沙滩中的鸭科鸟类群落进行了调查。共记录到鸭科鸟类9属21种,采用频率指数法确定的优势种有斑头雁(Anser indicus)、赤麻鸭(Tadorna ferruginea)、针尾鸭(Anas acuta)、绿翅鸭(A.crecca)、赤颈鸭(A.penelope)、赤嘴潜鸭(Netta rufina)、凤头潜鸭(Aythya fuligula)、红头潜鸭(A.ferina),其数量之和占当年鸭科鸟类总数的92.30%。对6种不同生境的物种多样性、丰富度、均匀度、优势度进行分析,结果表明,河口湿地和淡水泉生境中鸭科鸟类物种的多样性指数及均匀度指数均最高,湖泊和淡水沼泽的丰富度指数最高,而岩石湖岸和沙滩的多样性指数及均匀度指数均偏低。人类活动引起的食物资源的变化和部分湿地沙化是造成分布差异的主要原因。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Anatidae bird communities in the Qinghai Lake wetland were investigated at six types of habitat including estuarine wetlands, lakes, freshwater marsh, freshwater springs, rock lake bank and beach between April and October from 2007 to 2010. Twenty-one species belonging to nine genera were accumulatively recorded in the study period. The dominant species were Anser indicus, Tadorna ferruginea, Anas acuta,A. crecca, A.penelope, Netta rufina, Aythya fuligula, and A.ferina, and their numbers reached to 92.30% of the total individuals of Anatidae. Analysis on Anatidae community characters were made based on the Shannon-wiener index (H), richness index (D), Pielou index (E), and Simpson index (C). The species diversity of Anatidae community and Pielou was highest in estuarine wetlands and freshwater springs, and lakes and freshwater marsh had the highest species richness, while habitat of rock lake bank and beach had lower species diversity and richness. Changes in vegetation over and food richness resulting from extensive human activities were the main reasons for the significant difference of bird distribution and abundance in the various habitats. |
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