| 王云,李麒麟,关磊,房锐,姜睿.2011.纳帕海环湖公路交通噪声对鸟类的影响.动物学杂志,46(6):65-72. |
| 纳帕海环湖公路交通噪声对鸟类的影响 |
| Effect of Traffic Noise around Napahai Wetland Highway on Birds |
| 投稿时间：2011-06-22 修订日期：2011-09-06 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 野生动物 黑颈鹤 道路影响域 道路生态学 |
| 英文关键词:Wildlife Black-necked Crane (Grus nigricollis) Road-effect zone Road ecology |
| 基金项目:交通运输部西部交通建设科技项目(No.200831879917) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为研究纳帕海环湖公路交通噪声对冬季鸟类的影响域和对敏感物种黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollus)行为的影响,于2009年和2010年冬季沿环湖公路以自驾车匀速行驶调查(40 km/h)与徒步定点观测两种形式对路域鸟类的回避距离及黑颈鹤的行为反应进行了研究。结果显示:(1)纳帕海环湖公路路域一共记录到鸟类36种,其中国家Ⅰ级保护野生动物4种,国家Ⅱ级保护野生动物3种,路域水鸟物种丰富度占到纳帕海湿地越冬水鸟种类的42.86%;(2)环湖公路对不同鸟类的道路影响域从10.17 m增大到189.63 m,在统计的鸟种中有60%的影响域集中于路域50~100 m区间,与这一区间交通噪声的剧烈衰减和水陆交错带的生境多样性有关,鸟类对公路的回避距离与鸟类种群大小无关,敏感物种黑颈鹤的平均回避距离为135.18 m;(3)黑颈鹤的行为反应与其初始状态及距公路距离有关,即若黑颈鹤开始就有观望行为,其对过往车辆比较敏感,而随时调整自身其他行为(例如缓慢远离或惊飞);黑颈鹤距离公路越近,其越可能被惊飞。我们建议应充分重视对纳帕海湿地公路路域鸟类的保护,严格保护路域50~100 m水陆交错带;采用严格限速20 km/h、禁鸣、游人行为限制(如距离黑颈鹤栖息地至少125 m之外)和禁止停车;基于敏感物种的保护考虑,建议未来纳帕海湿地区域建设公路应回避黑颈鹤栖息地至少135 m。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to know the road-effect zone of birds and the effect of traffic noise around Napahai Wetland Highway on Black-necked Crane (Grus nigricollis) behavior, we drove at low speed (40 km/h) along the highway and stopped on selected spots to investigate the avoidance distance of birds, and on foot to observe the behavioral reaction of Black-necked Crane during experimental vehicle passing by along wetland highway. The results indicate: (1) A total of 36 bird species were recorded, including 4 species list first-class protection, and 3 species list second-class protection. Roadside species richness of water birds accounted for 42.86 percent of Napahai wetland; (2) Road-effect zone of birds ranged from 10.17 m to 189.63 m, among of which 50 m to 100 m extent concentrated 60 percent species, which was relative to traffic noise decreased quickly and excellent habitat of water-land intersection area. There was no correlation between road-effect zone and population amount, as to sensitive species Black-necked Crane its road-effect zone was 135.18 m; (3) The behavioral reaction of Black-necked Crane was correlate to initial status and vertical distance to highway, which suggested if Black-necked Crane be alert at beginning, it would react sensitively (such as walk away or fly away), and the closer its distance to highway, the more possible it flies away. We advised to strengthen the protection of roadside bird in Napahai wetland, strictly protected roadside water-land intersection area vertical to highway from 50 m to 100 m; Strictly limited speed 20 km/h, prohibited whistle, limited visitors’ activities (such as away from habitat of Black-necked Crane at least 125 m)and prohibited stopping on the highway, et al; Regarding sensitive species Black-necked Crane, route selection in the future new highway should avoid habitat 135 m away at least. |
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