In order to understand the situation of wildlife resources and promote the effective management of nature reserve,we surveyed the amphibian resources 3 times by 10 transects (3-6 km length, 5 m unilateral width) in Mangshan National Nature Reserve of Hunan Province once a year from 2008 to 2011. The vertical distribution patterns of amphibians were analyzed by every 20 meters elevation change between the range of 400-1 800 m. Total of 36 species of amphibians belonging to 7 families of 2 orders were recorded in the field survey. The amphibian fauna was dominated by oriental species (34 species), of them 17 species distributed in both Central and South China. The vertical distribution of amphibians was obvious in the range 400-1 400 m in altitude. Moreover, the elevation with most species richness ranged of 600 m to 800 m. Rana hanluica, Paa boulengeri, and Hyla chinensis were firstly recorded in Hunan Mangshan National Nature Reserve. We also analyze the historical change of amphibian diversity with the historical data.