| 张同,马鸣,张翔,张会斌,刘鸣,丁鹏,徐峰.2012.东昆仑-阿尔金山地区黑颈鹤种群分布与秋季数量变化.动物学杂志,47(6):31-35. |
| 东昆仑-阿尔金山地区黑颈鹤种群分布与秋季数量变化 |
| Distribution and Population Size of Black-necked Cranes in Autumn in East Kunlun and Altun Mountains, Xinjiang |
| 投稿时间：2012-05-28 修订日期：2012-09-13 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 黑颈鹤 种群分布 数量变化 阿尔金山 东昆仑山 新疆 |
| 英文关键词:Black-necked Crane (Grus nigricollis) Distribution Population size Altun Mountains Kunlun Mountains Xinjiang |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(No.30970340,31272291),国家科技支撑项目(No.2008BAC39B04) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)是青藏高原特有物种,在新疆主要分布在与青海、西藏相邻的阿尔金山、东昆仑山地区。2011年9～11月,对该地区黑颈鹤的分布、种群大小、数量变化、生存状况等进行了详细调查。在乌尊硝尔、铁木里克乡、玉素甫阿勒克、鸭子泉、阿达滩、祁曼塔格乡、吐拉牧场等25个样点,都观察到有黑颈鹤分布。利用样点调查法和直接计数法,重复调查164次,共记录到黑颈鹤158只。其中,在依协克帕提湿地(N37°15'～37°23',E90°11'～90°20',海拔3 903 m)最多一次记录到126只黑颈鹤集群。结合早期的科学考察记录,推测在整个东昆仑-阿尔金山地区共有黑颈鹤220～260只左右。黑颈鹤家庭成员数量为1～4只,4种类型的家庭所占比例分别为5.9%、60.3%、29.4%和4.4%。在10月份之前,主要以家庭为单位活动;10月中旬,开始大规模集群,10月29日集群数量达到最高峰,并开始迁徙;11月6日黑颈鹤全部迁徙离开。此外,还观察到有少量的灰鹤(G.grus)和蓑羽鹤(Anthropoides virgo)与黑颈鹤混居在一起。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The Black-necked Crane (Grus nigricollis) is the endemic specie of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, the population in Xinjiang mainly distribute in Kunlun and Altun Mountains regions. A survey on the distribution, population size, population fluctuation and surviving status was conducted from September to November of 2011. Population size and distribution in this area were investigated with sample spot survey and direct count method. A total of 25 sampling points and 164 investigations were conducted during our field surveys. 158 Black-necked Crane individuals were found on the wetlands of Wuzunxiaoer, Tiemulike, Yusup Aleksei, Yaziquan, Qimantag, Tula Ranch and so on. About 126 individuals were recorded in Yixiekepati wetland (N37°15'-37°23',E90°11'-90°20', elevation 3 903 m), which is the largest population observed in this area. Combined with the previous records, it is concluded that there are about 220-260 individuals existing in this region. The numbers of family members are from one to four, and those four types of families account for 5.9%, 60.3%, 29.4% and 4.4% of the records, respectively. Before the October, the basic social unit of cranes was family and they didn't join together. Cranes gathered obviously in the middle of October and the highest numbers appeared on 29 October. All of the cranes migrated out this area until 6 November. In addition, we also found Eurasian Crane (G.grus), Demoiselle Crane (Anthropoides virgo), Bar-headed Goose (Anser indicus), Greylag Goose (A. anser) and Ruddy Shelduck (Tadorna ferruginea) in this area. |
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