| 马鸣.2013.新疆青格达湖湿地自然保护区及周边地区的鸟类.动物学杂志,48(5):781-787. |
| 新疆青格达湖湿地自然保护区及周边地区的鸟类 |
| Birds of the Qinggeda Wetland Nature Reserve and Surrounding Areas, Xinjiang |
| 投稿时间：2013-06-28 修订日期：2013-08-27 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 候鸟 名录 居留期 驿站 青格达湖 |
| 英文关键词:Migratory bird Checklist Residency Stopover site Qinggeda Lakes, Xinjiang |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(No.31272291,30970340,30470262);国家科技支撑项目(No.2008BAC39B04) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 青格达湖位于新疆天山以北、乌鲁木齐市附近。采用样线调查法、定点取样法、瞬时扫描统计法等,同时借助鸟网捕捉,分析青格达湖自然保护区及周边区域鸟类分布与数量状况。结合近10年(2002~2013年)上百次野外调查的资料,共记录鸟类225种,分属18目53科124属。这几乎占新疆鸟类资源的48%。全部18个目中,体型较小的雀形目种类数量最多(约83种),占37%。而非雀形目的种类,以隼形目(猛禽)、雁形目(游禽)、鸻形目(涉禽)等排在前列,种类都超过20种。然而,它们多属于候鸟,停留期短暂。居留型分析,留鸟为28种、夏候鸟52种、冬候鸟24种、旅鸟87种、漂泊鸟(迷鸟)约34种。同样可见青格达湖区是鸟类迁徙的一个重要驿站或停留地(水鸟104种,占46%),而不是主要繁殖地或越冬地,候鸟(包括旅鸟、迷鸟等)达197种,占总鸟种数的87%,多数属于季节性出没的种类。种群数量消长具有周期性(大小年)、季节性(双峰)、突变性、不确定性及难预测等特点。在天山北部地区,受高山和沙漠阻隔,鸟类迁徙的方向不都是"南来北往",而是沿着天山山脉北部湖群呈东西方向迁徙,多与气流方向一致。北疆漫长的冬季,有半年时间,鸟类数量和活动频率下降,是一个相对平静的"鸟荒"时期。夏季,因为农业灌溉,青格达湖几乎被排空,水鸟难以栖息。另外,有约43种鸟类(占19%)属于国家重点保护物种,需要格外加强管理和种群保育。但由于兵团农六师军垦区单一化种植模式、机械化耕作制度及大量使用农药等,造成一些地区鸟类绝迹,种群数量和季节性活动受到了遏制,希望有关部门予以关注。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The Qinggeda Lake is located in the north of Tianshan Mts., 44°05'N and 87°30'E, altitude 480 m, near the city of Urumqi, Xinjiang. We made census and analyzed the distribution and population status of birds around the Qinggeda Lake using the field methods of transect survey, spot sampling and mist netting etc. During 2002-2013, altogether 225 bird species were recorded, belonging to 18 orders, 53 families and 124 genera, and accounting for 48% of all birds in Xinjiang. 83 species belong to the Passeriformes, accounting for 37%. For residence type analysis, there are about 28 species of local resident birds, 52 of summer visitors, 24 of overwintering birds, more than 87 of travelers (passing only) and about 34 of straggler birds, with most of birds (197 species, c. 87%) being seasonal species. Therefore, the Qinggeda Lake is an important stopover site for the migratory birds (104 species of waterbirds, c. 46%), rather than the breeding or wintering areas. The characteristics of population dynamics were with a certain cyclical, seasonal change, mutation, sometimes uncertain and difficult to predict and so on. About 43 species of birds (19%) belong to the key species in the National Protected List, need to strengthen management and population conservation. In summer, because of agriculture irrigation, the lake was almost empty and it was very difficult for the waterfowls. Other threats in the Corps Districts include the unitary cropping pattern, mechanized farming and excessive use of pesticides, such as insecticides, herbicides and rodenticides, bringing disaster to the birds and other wildlife. |
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