Reproduction is the basis of all forms of life, and same-sex reproduction exists in nature as a specific form of reproduction. Same-sex reproduction consists of both parthenogenesis and androgenesis and has not yet been discovered in mammals. The presence of epigenetic mechanisms such as imprinted genes hinders the development of same-sex reproductive embryos. The paternally expressed imprinted genes promote embryonic growth, while maternally expressed imprinted genes inhibit embryonic growth, and same-sex reproduction expresses only one side of the imprinted gene, resulting in overgrown or undeveloped embryos. The knockout of some of the imprinted genes using embryonic stem cell technology has been successful in producing bimaternal and bipaternal mice, and single maternal mice using methylation modifications. This paper reviews the technology and history of mammalian same-sex reproduction, summarizes its potential applications and directions, and analyses its possible advantages in animal husbandry research, genetics research, and disease model construction and treatment.