[Objectives] Bufotes taxkorensis is endemic to China and mainly distributes in Pamirs Plateau at an altitude of 2 900﹣3 150 m. This species is one of the few anurans that can inhabit saline environments. To investigate the adaptive features of B. taxkorensis to the extreme environment, we conducted qualitative and quantitative analyses on the histological structures of its skin, kidney and liver. [Methods] Three males and three females of B. taxkorensis were used for study (Table 1). The histological structures of their skins, livers and kidneys were observed using paraffin and hematoxylin-eosin staining. The total thickness, epidermis thickness, dermis thickness and relative gland number of the trunk and tibia’s skin, and the corpuscular density, relative filtration area of renal glomerulus, relative filtration area of kidney, relative diameter of proximal and distal tubules of the kidney were measured. The independent sample t-test was used to compare differences in these measurements utilizing software SPSS 25.0. [Results] (1) The skin, comprising of the epidermis and dermis, was rough and wrinkled (Fig. 1). Skin thickness varied considerably in different regions of the body (Table 2). Both sexes displayed thicker total thickness and dermis thickness in the dorsal truncal and tibial regions than in the ventral truncal and tibial regions (P < 0.05). Both sexes displayed thinner epidermis thickness in the dorsal truncal region than in the ventral truncal regions (P < 0.05). The epidermis of the tibial region was significantly thicker dorsally than ventrally in males (P < 0.05), while the epidermis thicknesses were not significantly different between the dorsal and ventral tibial region in females (P > 0.05). The mucous glands and granular glands distributed in stratum spongiosum, with the former in dorsal-ventral skin and the latter in dorsal skin (Fig. 1). Chromatophores were found in the stratum spongiosum and presented in irregular web shape, which were richer dorsally than ventrally. Some skin glands were surrounded by discontinuous pigment layers (Fig. 1 e, m). There were rich capillary vessels in the dermis, and some of them protruded into the epidermis (Fig. 1 j, m, n). (2) The renal corpuscles mostly distributed centrally in kidney (Fig. 2). In some renal corpuscles, the glomeruli were smaller and the Bowman’s capsule was broader (Fig. 2 b, e). The number of the distal tubules was more than that of the proximal tubules (Fig. 2 b, c, e, f). The peritubular capillaries densely distributed (Fig. 2). The relative diameter of proximal segment in male was significantly greater than that in female (P < 0.05), other measurements showed no significant differences between two sexes (P > 0.05) (Table 3). (3) There were no clear boundaries between adjacent hepatic lobules because of less connective tissues in the liver. The hepatocytes contained prominent vacuoles or spaces, with nuclei mostly on the side. The liver parenchyma contained numerous melanin masses (Fig. 3). [Conclusion] Our study indicates that the thicker epidermis, rich pigment cells and capillary vessels of B. taxkorensis make this species adapt to the strong ultraviolet radiation, low temperature and hypoxia of the Pamirs Plateau at high altitude. Its wider Bowman's capsule as well as the relative kidney filtration area between aquatic and terrestrial anurans present adaptations to the dry and saline habitat. Its liver contains plentiful pigment cells, which reflects adaptation to the low temperature of the living environment.