| 李美帅,孙以康,张 岩,边 力,常 青,李凤辉,刘永胜,葛建龙,陈四清.2022.中华蛸繁殖行为.动物学杂志,57(1):40-48. |
| 中华蛸繁殖行为 |
| The Reproductive Behaviors of Octopus sinensis |
| 投稿时间：2021-07-26 修订日期：2022-01-07 |
| DOI：10.13859/j.cjz.202201005 |
| 中文关键词: 中华蛸 繁殖 行为 |
| 英文关键词:Octopus sinensis Reproduction Behavior |
| 基金项目:财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目；中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所基本科研业务费项目（No. 2020GH02） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了解中华蛸（Octopus sinensis）繁殖行为特征，通过肉眼观察及水下摄像对其行为进行研究。结果表明，中华蛸在繁殖期有运动、捕食、求偶、交配、产卵和护卵行为。中华蛸运动依靠漏斗喷水的反作用力进行游泳和爬行；以突然袭击的方式捕食日本蟳（Charybdis japonica），繁殖后期不再进食；中华蛸具明显的求偶行为，雄性间为争夺交配对象会进行对峙搏斗；中华蛸是“距离式”交配，雄性和雌性亲体均可与不同异性多次交配，存在一只雌性与多只雄性同时交配的现象；雄性性腺成熟早于雌性，交配后雌性亲体并不立即产卵，而是继续发育，甚至交配后超过50 d才产卵；卵径大小（2.5 ± 0.2）mm ×（1.1 ± 0.1）mm，平均产卵量为83 988粒；中华蛸雌性护卵行为明显，22.4 ~ 23.5 ℃水温时，在雌性保护下受精卵经21 ~ 24 d孵出幼体，幼体全部孵出后雌性亲体最长存活34 d。分析认为，中华蛸多次交配行为可以提高生殖成功率，雌性护卵行为有助于提高受精卵孵化率。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| [Objectives] Breeding period occupies an important stage in the life history of cephalopods, we study their reproductive needs by observing their behaviors. [Methods] In June 2020, we observed directly on 30 Octopus sinensis reared in an indoor pool during their breeding period as well as by underwater photography. [Results] The behaviors such as movement, predation (Fig. 1), courtship, mating (Fig. 2), oviposition and brooding (Fig. 3) were found during the spawning period. The power to conduct swimming and crawl in O. sinensis was produced by blowing water with their funnel to move short distanceforward, and they retreated quickly when they were shocked and occasionally as well as jetting ink. Before spawning, O. sinensis actively hunted and consumed Charybdis japonica. After spawning, the appetite of females decrease and finally stopped eating and males lost their appetite gradually. Courtship and mating occurred frequently during spawning period. Males pursued females actively and tended to mate with females with the similar body size, and they also to fight against each other for mating. O. sinensis was polygamy, and kept a certain distance when mating. Males and females turned their body dark brown during mating, and males extend their arms to keep other males away from their mating female. Males could mate with different females, and vice versa. There was a phenomenon of one female mating with multiple males at the same time. Males matured earlier than females, rather than laying eggs immediately after mating, females usually waited for maturation of gonads. Some individuals begun spawning even after more than 50 d. O. sinensis tended to lay their eggs in their nests and sealed them by stones. If there was no nest, the fertilized eggs were protected by covering them with their bodies. Females cleaned the dead eggs and blew the fertilized eggs to provide oxygen after spawning. The fertilized eggs were translucent yellow and elastic, the average diameter was (2.5 ± 0.2) mm × (1.1 ± 0.1) mm. The average fecundity was 83 988 eggs (Table 1). Females had the brooding behavior, the incubation time was between 21 and 24 days under 22.4﹣23.5 ℃. After hatching, the body weight of female was 46% lower than that before oviposition, and died gradually. The longest survival time of brooding female was 34 d, and the longest survival time of mating male was 56 d. [Conclusion] We conclude that the polygamy of O. sinensis could improve their mating success rate, and the brooding behavior could benefit to larval hatching. |
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