| 刘正惟,何兴成,冯凯泽,成宇文,王浩森,王宇,吴永杰.2022.贡嘎山东坡繁殖季与非繁殖季鸟类多样性变化.动物学杂志,57(6):810-820. |
| 贡嘎山东坡繁殖季与非繁殖季鸟类多样性变化 |
| Bird Diversity Change during the Breeding and Non-breeding Seasons of the Gongga Mountains |
| 投稿时间：2021-11-29 修订日期：2022-11-27 |
| DOI：10.13859/j.cjz.202206002 |
| 中文关键词: 鸟类多样性 贡嘎山 季节 α多样性 β多样性 |
| 英文关键词:Bird diversity Gongga Mountains Season α-diversity β-diversity |
| 基金项目:第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目（No. 2019QZKK0501），生态环境部生物多样性调查评估项目（No. 2019HJ2096001006） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了解贡嘎山东坡鸟类群落垂直多样性格局在繁殖季与非繁殖季的变化，本研究分别在繁殖季（2012年3至6月、2016年3至5月及2017和2018年两年的3至6月）、非繁殖季（2012年9和10月、2017及2018年两年的11和12月）用样线法对贡嘎山东坡海拔1 200 ~ 4 400 m区域开展了鸟类多样性调查。结果表明，繁殖季与非繁殖季的鸟类α多样性指数具有明显差异，季节变化对鸟类α多样性垂直分布格局有重要影响，且夏候鸟的迁徙、气温和植物花果期的季节性变化可能是影响鸟类α多样性分布格局的重要因子。尽管贡嘎山的山地季节性气候明显，但繁殖季和非繁殖季鸟类β多样性的垂直格局比较稳定，并与植被群落的垂直多样性格局有极显著正相关性，表明植被群落多样性是影响贡嘎山东坡鸟类β多样性的重要因子。繁殖季鸟类多样性热点在中海拔，而非繁殖季鸟类多样性热点则出现在中低和中高海拔。因此，山区不同季节的鸟类多样性变化与全海拔段的栖息地保护状况需要在今后的多样性研究和保护管理中引起重视。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| [Objectives] Research on elevational diversity patterns of birds has always been an important subject in the ecology of bird communities. Seasonal change was thought to influence the elevational diversity patterns of bird communities in the mountainous regions. The bird diversity of Gongga Mountains is abundant, but research on seasonal diversity change is still insufficient. Therefore, our study aims to understand the seasonal changes of elevational diversity pattern of birds at the eastern slope of Gongga Mountains. [Methods] We mainly used line transect method to survey the bird diversity in every 400 m elevational band between 1 200﹣4 400 m at the eastern slope of Gongga Mountains (Fig. 1) in breeding seasons (March to June in 2012, 2017, 2018 and March to May in 2016) and non-breeding seasons (September to October in 2012 and November to December in 2017, 2018). We added up all resident/migration types of species numbers and individuals in the breeding and non-breeding seasons every 400 m elevational bands from 1 200﹣4 400 m, then calculated the Shannon-Weiner diversity index, Simpson’s diversity index, Pielou evenness index, Berger-Parker dominance index (alpha diversity), Cody diversity and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index (beta diversity). We furthermore used the Cody diversity index of the birds’ community and species richness of plant community at each elevational band to calculate their Spearman correlation. We defined dominant species by the percentage of all individual numbers at every 400 m elevational bands during the breeding and non-breeding seasons to check whether these dominant and common species shifted their elevational distribution during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. [Results] 1. Our results show that 36 species of summer visitors reduced during the non-breeding seasons, and the component of dominant species changed significantly during the breeding and non-breeding seasons except for middle elevations (Table 1). 2. There were 4 types of elevational distribution shifts, including a downward shift during the non-breeding seasons, wider distribution during the breeding season than non-breeding seasons, wider distribution during the non-breeding seasons than breeding seasons, and no shifts happened during both seasons. Besides there were more omnivores than insectivores which had wider elevational distribution during the non-breeding seasons than breeding seasons (Fig. 2). 3. Species richness and abundance were highest during the breeding seasons at 2 000﹣2 400 m and during the non-breeding seasons at 1 600﹣2 000 m. The Shannon-Weiner index and the Simpson’s index had a similar pattern, both were unimodal with the highest value at 1 600﹣2 000 m during the breeding seasons, and bimodal with the highest value at 1 600﹣2 000 m and 2 800﹣3 200 m during the non-breeding season. The Pielou evenness index had the highest value at 3 200﹣3 600 m during the breeding seasons, but had the highest value at 1 600﹣2 000 m and 3 600﹣4 000 m during the non-breeding season. The Berger-Parker dominance index was monotonically increased with elevation during both seasons (Fig. 3). 4. The Cody diversity and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index (beta diversity) showed similar patterns, both declined with increasing elevation, and both had the lowest beta diversity at 3 600﹣4 400 m (Fig. 4 and Fig. 5). Besides, the Cody diversity index had a significantly positive correlation with the elevational diversity of plant community. [Conclusion] The diversity hotspot of birds during the breeding seasons was located at the middle elevations, while it occurred at both low-middle and middle-high elevations during the non-breeding seasons. This seasonal diversity change caused by the migration of birds and the phenology of plants has important impact on the elevational α-diversity patterns of birds. On the other hand, although the seasonal temperature change in the Gongga mountains is significant, the elevational β-diversity patterns of birds during the breeding and non-breeding seasons were relatively stable. This phenomenon has an extremely significant positive correlation with the elevational diversity of plant community, which demonstrate that the component of plant species at each elevational vegetation zones is probably an important factor for the β-diversity pattern of birds. The significant difference of elevational diversity patterns of bird communities in different seasons indicates that we need to pay more attention to the changing of bird diversity, controlling the human activities and protecting the habitats for birds in different seasons in mountainous areas in future diversity research and conservation management. |
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