| 闫拯,刘晓燕,陈星,刘振江.2022.我国野生鸟类疫病传播风险及防范措施.动物学杂志,57(6):951-962. |
| 我国野生鸟类疫病传播风险及防范措施 |
| Analysis of Avian Disease Transmission Risk and Prevention Measures in China |
| 投稿时间：2022-02-13 修订日期：2022-08-27 |
| DOI：10.13859/j.cjz.202206016 |
| 中文关键词: 自然保护区 生态湿地 禽类养殖场 机场 疫病 |
| 英文关键词:Nature reserves Ecological wetland Poultry farms Airport Epidemic |
| 基金项目: |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 众多疫病病毒来源于野生动物，具有向人类传播的风险，尤其是具有飞翔能力的鸟类不易控制，所携带的病毒传播广泛，威胁人畜安全。因此，充分了解鸟类携带疫病情况以及鸟类迁徙路线中重点区域的疫病风险，对疫病防控非常重要。本文总结了鸟类主要携带的病原类型，如冠状病毒、流感病毒、寄生虫和新城疫病毒等。着重探讨鸟类携带病原对生物安全防范重点区域的人员和动物的疫病风险，包括自然保护区、机场和禽类养殖场等，并从加强候鸟迁徙的动态监测、加强栖息地检疫和保护、家禽定期疫苗接种等方面提出疫病防范措施。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Many zoonotic diseases are found in wild animals and present a serious risk to human health, in particularly the virus carried by birds flying freely around the world is hard to control. There are three main bird migration routes which cover the most areas of China. It is important to investigate and fully understand the types of avian transmitted diseases in key areas on the bird migration routines and its impacts on both birds and human health. However, no literature is available in how about the risk of virus carried by migrating birds, and how to predict and reduce this risk of virus spreading to human being so far. In this paper, we first reviewed the main pathogen types carried by birds, including coronaviruses, influenza viruses, parasites, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), etc., and then discussed the spread risk of avian viruses to human being and animals in key areas of biosafety prevention. We also analyzed and discussed the risk of cross-spread of diseases among different bird species in nature reserves located on bird migration routes which provide sufficient food sources for migratory birds and attract numerous birds. Diseases transmitted by wild birds pose a serious threat to poultry farms, where high density of poultry may become avian influenza virus (AIV) reservoirs, cause a risk of avian influenza outbreaks. Airports are mostly built in suburban areas or remote areas with good ecological environment. There are important transit places for bird migration and densely populated areas, which have serious risk of disease transmission. Finally, this paper puts forward the following prevention suggestions from three aspects. First, establish and improve the monitoring and prediction mechanism of migratory birds, and use laser technology to prevent contact between wild birds and poultry. Second, examine and identify virus types carried by birds in their habitats and carry out vaccination. Third, protect the ecological environment of bird habitat, and keep wild birds in their natural habitat, so as to reduce the contact between wild birds and human and poultry, and thus reduce the risk of virus transmission. |
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