| 王程欣,陈生熬,王新月,訾方泽,林旭元,魏齐.2022.新疆特克斯河斑重唇鱼胚胎发育和胚后发育观察.动物学杂志,57(5):668-677. |
| 新疆特克斯河斑重唇鱼胚胎发育和胚后发育观察 |
| Observation on Embryonic Development and Post-embryonic Development of Distychus maculates in Turks River, Xinjiang |
| 投稿时间：2022-02-28 修订日期：2022-08-26 |
| DOI：10.13859/j.cjz.202205003 |
| 中文关键词: 特克斯河 斑重唇鱼 胚胎发育 胚后发育 |
| 英文关键词:Turks River Distychus maculates Embryonic development Post-embryonic development |
| 基金项目:农业财政专项“西北地区重点水域渔业资源与环境调查”，塔里木畜牧科技兵团重点实验室项目（No. HS201902） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为保护伊犁河水系特克斯河特有鱼类斑重唇鱼（Distychus maculates）种质资源，探究斑重唇鱼胚胎发育与胚后发育规律。2021年5月，对斑重唇鱼开展人工繁殖，观察其胚胎发育和胚后发育过程，记录各发育阶段形态特征。水温15.0 ~ 16.0 ℃条件下，斑重唇鱼胚胎发育历经受精、卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚、器官形成和孵化出膜7个阶段，经过2 969.830 ℃?h破膜而出。斑重唇鱼成熟卵子淡黄色，卵径（2.75 ± 0.24）mm（n = 20），卵受精35 min后卵周隙最大，为（3.46 ± 0.16）mm（n = 20），其中卵黄约占体积的3/5。胚后发育过程中，仔鱼全长（LT，mm）和出膜天数（D）关系式：LT = 0.50D + 9.15（R2 = 0.90）；卵黄囊全长（LY）和出膜天数（D）关系式：LY =﹣0.11D2 + 7.61（R2 = 0.76）；仔鱼全长（LT）和卵黄囊体积（LP）关系式：LT =﹣2.35LP + 19.96（R2 = 0.88）；卵黄囊全长（LY）和卵黄囊体积（LP）关系式：LY = 0.49LP + 5.34（R2 = 0.68）；卵黄囊体积（LP）和出膜天数（D）关系式：LP = 0.002D2﹣0.24D + 4.67（R2 = 0.98）。本研究通过特克斯河斑重唇鱼人工繁殖实验，观察其胚胎和胚后发育特征，丰富斑重唇鱼早期生活史资料，为特有鱼类苗种培育提供理论数据，进一步为种质资源保护和开发奠定基础。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| [Objectives] Distychus maculates is an endemic fish in Turks River of the Yili River basin. In order to protect its resources, we carried out its artificial breeding to explore the embryonic development and post-embryonic development pattern. [Methods] In May 2021, artificial breeding of D. maculates was carried out, the embryonic and post-embryonic development were observed and photographed with a dissecting microscope, and the morphological characteristics of each developmental stage were recorded. Embryos and early larvae were randomly selected each time. The biological indexes of embryos and larvae were measured with Image pro plus 6.0 software. Photoshop CS6 was used for image processing and the SPSS 16.0 software was used for data processing. In this study, K = NT, where K is accumulated temperature (℃?h), N is the time required for development to a certain stage (h), and T is the average water temperature at this stage (℃). Descriptive statistics was presented as mean ± standard error. [Results] In the water temperature of 15.0﹣16.0 ℃, the embryo development of the fish was divided into 7 key stages: fertilization, cleavage, blastocyst, gastrula, neuroembryo, organogenesis and membrane emergence, and the membrane was brokenafter 2 969.830 ℃?h. The mature eggs were pale yellow with a diameter of 2.75 ± 0.24 mm (n = 20). After 35 min of fertilization, the largest perioocyte gap was 3.46 ± 0.16 mm (n = 20), and the volume of yolk accounted for about 3/5. The relationship between the length of larval fish (LT) and the days post hatching (D) was as follows: LT = 0.50D + 9.15 (R2 = 0.90); The relationship between the length of yolk-sac (LY) and the days of membrane emergence (D) was: LY =﹣0.11D2 + 7.61 (R2 = 0.76); The relationship between larval length (LT) and yolk-sac volume (LP) was as follows: LT =﹣2.35LP + 19.96 (R2 = 0.88); The relationship between yolk-sac total length (LY) and yolk-sac volume (LP) was as follows: LY = 0.49LP + 5.34 (R2 = 0.68); The relationship between yolk-sac volume (LP) and membrane extraction days (D) was as follows: LP = 0.002D2﹣0.24D + 4.67 (R2 = 0.98). The total length and volume of yolk sac decreased with the growth of body length. The yolk sac was consumed 15 days after membrane emergence. The whole length of larva increased with the days after membrane emergence. The whole length of larva increased significantly in yolk sac absorption stage. [Conclusion] By studying the artificial reproduction of D. maculates, we explored its characteristics of embryo and post-embryonic development, to enrich the data of its early life history, and provide theoretical data for the breeding of unique fish seedlings, which further lays a foundation for the protection and development of germplasm resources. |
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