| 杜星南,李建亮,姚星星,卢梦洁,程志昌,包新康.2023.黑顶麻雀的活动区及其影响因素.动物学杂志,58(1):43-49. |
| 黑顶麻雀的活动区及其影响因素 |
| Home Range of Passer ammodendri and Influencing Factors |
| 投稿时间：2022-03-10 修订日期：2022-11-21 |
| DOI：10.13859/j.cjz.202301003 |
| 中文关键词: 黑顶麻雀 无线电遥测技术 活动区 极旱荒漠 |
| 英文关键词:Passer ammodendri Radio tracking Home range Anxi Extreme-arid Desert |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（No. 31672296） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 2017和2018年每年6至10月，在甘肃安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区利用无线电遥测技术对繁殖期16只黑顶麻雀（Passer ammodendri）（9♀，7♂）和繁殖期后1个月内雌雄各1只的活动区进行了监测。使用95%固定核空间法（FK）计算活动区面积，60%固定核空间法求得的活动区面积作为核心区面积。结果显示，在繁殖期雌雄黑顶麻雀个体间的平均活动区面积分别为（23.88 ± 4.50）hm2（n = 9）和（32.36 ± 7.24）hm2（n = 7），核心区面积分别为（3.92 ± 0.70）hm2和（5.55 ± 1.55）hm2，繁殖期雌雄个体间的活动区和核心区面积均无显著差异。繁殖结束后一个月内雌雄活动区面积分别为123.86 hm2和272.40 hm2，核心区面积分别为23.68 hm2和64.88 hm2。雌、雄性个体繁殖期的活动区面积和核心区面积均显著小于繁殖期后。个性表现为羞怯的个体活动区面积显著小于个性表现为勇敢个体的活动区面积（t =﹣3.54，df = 7，P < 0.05）。黑顶麻雀活动区面积的大小与体况数据均无显著相关性。黑顶麻雀活动区特征与雌雄个体在繁殖期间行为特征，以及荒漠区鸟类生境斑块状分布有关。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| [Objectives] Home range are areas covered by individuals for foraging, courtship and reproduction and other daily activities. Animal home range is affected by seasonal and temporal changes, and such changes reflect the impact of the environment on animals, and are also a manifestation of animals’ adaptation to the environment and selective use of habitat. The use of home range by birds is a visual manifestation of their spatial use behavior, and studying this will help to deepen the understanding of birds’ spatial use behavior. The Saxual Sparrow (Passer ammodendri) is a typical bird of desert environment, and the characteristics of the activity area of this flock of finches and its influencing factors are the focus of this study. The home ranges of Saxual Sparrows were studied using the radio tracking technique in Gansu An’xi Extreme-arid Desert National Nature Reserve in northwest China from May to October in 2017 and 2018. [Methods] In this study, mist nets were used to capture individuals, then we measured body condition indicators and determine their personality. The home range of Saxual Sparrows was studied by radio tracking, which was monitored during and after the breeding period. The kernel density estimation was used to estimate the home range，independent sample t-test was used to compare the home range of individuals with different personalities. The generalized linear model (GLM) was used to examine the body condition factors that may affect the home range of Saxual Sparrows. [Results] In breeding season (n = 16), the home ranges of females and males estimated with fixed kernel (90%) methods were 23.88 ± 4.50 hm2 (Mean ± SE, n = 9) and 32.36 ± 7.24 hm2 (n = 7), respectively, and those with fixed kernel (60%) of females and males were 3.92 ± 0.70 hm2 and 5.55 ± 1.55 hm2, respectively. There was no significant difference in the home ranges between females and males during the breeding season (Table 1). In the post-breeding periods (n = 2), the home ranges of females and males estimated with fixed kernel (90%) were 123.86 hm2 and 272.40 hm2, respectively, and those with fixed kernel (60%) were 23.68 hm2 and 64.88 hm2 respectively. The estimated home ranges (95%FK, 60%FK) in the breeding seasons were significantly smaller than those in the post breeding season in both females and males (Table 1, Fig. 1 and 2). The home ranges of shy individuals were significantly smaller than those of bold individuals (Table 2). Moreover, we found no significant correlations between individuals’ home ranges and their body conditions. [Conclusion] The different home range sizes of the Saxual Sparrow between females and males in the breeding season were possibly related to the sexual division of labor in incubation and brood rearing, and/or the patchily distributions of suitable habitats in the desert environments. When the Saxual Sparrow enters the breeding season, it will center its activities on the nest, while after the breeding season, it tends to live mainly in clusters, and the home range increases significantly. |
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