| 卢柳妍,何胜梅,刘康梅,蒋爱伍.2023.模拟增加潜在巢捕食风险对2种鸟类雏鸟生长发育产生不同影响.动物学杂志,58(2):173-181. |
| 模拟增加潜在巢捕食风险对2种鸟类雏鸟生长发育产生不同影响 |
| Different Effects of Simulation Increase the Risk of Potential Nest Predation on the Growth and Development of Two Nestlings |
| 投稿时间：2022-08-17 修订日期：2023-03-21 |
| DOI：10.13859/j.cjz.202302002 |
| 中文关键词: 巢捕食 模拟实验 雏鸟 Logistic 生长发育 |
| 英文关键词:Nest predation Simulation experiment Nestling Logistic Growth and development |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（No. 31870370） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 捕食风险是影响鸟类生活史对策的重要因素之一。为应对捕食风险，鸟类进化出多样的反捕食策略。为探究北热带石灰岩森林地区鸟类生长发育对高巢捕食风险的适应机制，本研究通过利用蛇类模型模拟巢捕食者，增加潜在巢捕食风险，设置实验组，将未放置蛇类模型的实验设置为对照组。测量育雏期内黄腹山鹪莺（Prinia flaviventris）雏鸟与红耳鹎（Pycnonotus jocosus）雏鸟每日的体重、跗跖长与翼长，分别比较分析黄腹山鹪莺雏鸟与红耳鹎雏鸟上述体型特征在实验组与对照组中的生长发育规律。对符合正态分布的各日龄雏鸟生长参数进行t检验，不符合正态分布的参数进行非参数检验（Wilcox秩和检验）并求均值，使用SPSS 26.0统计软件包对雏鸟各日龄参数均值进行Logistic曲线拟合，比较各雏鸟相同生长参数在实验组和对照组实验的“S”发育曲线。结果显示，黄腹山鹪莺雏鸟在实验组的体重、跗跖长与翼长的渐近线分别占成鸟量度的71.57%、94.10%与55.29%，对照组分别占成鸟量度的78.05%、97.49%与55.67%，在实验组和对照组育雏期分别为11.1 d与10.6 d。实验组和对照组黄腹山鹪莺雏鸟生长在第2日龄开始出现显著差异，体重、跗跖长与翼长在实验组的生长率分别为0.59、0.64与0.41，在对照组的生长率分别为0.64、0.57与0.47。红耳鹎雏鸟实验组体重、跗跖长与翼长的渐近线分别占成鸟量度的55.29%、97.70%与49.60%，对照组分别占成鸟量度的53.83%、99.73%与52.17%，在实验组和对照组育雏期分别为11.4 d与10.1 d。实验组和对照组红耳鹎雏鸟仅第7日龄体重和第8日龄跗跖长存在生长差异，体重、跗跖与翼在实验组的生长率分别为0.34、0.39与0.38，在对照组的生长率分别为0.70、0.59、0.55。研究表明，增加潜在的捕食风险能延长黄腹山鹪莺和红耳鹎的雏鸟发育期，实验组红耳鹎雏鸟各项生长特征在离巢时较对照组发育程度更高，但黄腹山鹪莺雏鸟的发育程度比正常捕食风险时更低。增加潜在巢捕食风险对黄腹山鹪莺和红耳鹎的雏鸟产生了不同的影响，导致黄腹山鹪莺雏鸟与红耳鹎雏鸟的生长发育模式产生不同变化，这为了解捕食风险对鸟类生长发育的影响提供了新的认识。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| [Objectives] Predation risk is one of the important factors that affect the life-history strategies of birds. To cope with predation risk, birds have evolved diverse self-protection measures and complex anti-predation strategies. This study aims to explore the adaptation mechanism of birds’ growth and development to high nest predation risk in the northern tropical limestone forest area. [Methods] We simulated nest predators by using snake models to increase the potential nest predation risk in an experimental group, and the experiment without the snake model was set as the control group. We measured the daily mass, tarsus length and wing length of the nestlings of Yellow-bellied Prinia (Prinia flaviventris) and Red-whiskered Bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus) during the brood period. The growth and development laws of the mass, tarsus length and wing length of Yellow-bellied Prinia and Red-whiskered Bulbul were compared and analyzed in the experimental group and the control group. The growth parameters of each day-old nestling conformed to the parametric assumptions and therefore were analyzed by t-test. The growth parameters of each day-old nestling that did not conform to the parametric assumptions were analyzed by the Wilcox rank sum test (non-parametric test) and the mean value were calculated (Table 1). Then, we used SPSS 26.0 statistical software package for logistic curve fitting and comparison of the “S” development curves of the same growth parameters of nestlings between the experimental group and control group (Fig. 1). [Results] The asymptotes of mass, tarsus length and wing length of Yellow-bellied Prinia nestlings in the experimental group accounted for 71.57%, 94.10% and 55.29% of the adult measurements, and 78.05%, 97.49% and 55.67% of the adult measurements in the control experiment, respectively. The brood period was 11.1 and 10.6 days in experimental and control group. The growth of nestlings of Yellow-bellied Prinia was significantly different from the second day of age. The growth rates of body mass, tarsus and wing in the experimental group were 0.59, 0.64 and 0.41 respectively, and in the control group were 0.64, 0.57 and 0.47 respectively (Table 2). The asymptotes of mass, tarsus length and wing length of Red-whiskered Bulbul nestlings accounted for 55.29%, 97.70% and 49.60% of the adult measurements in the experimental group, and 53.83%, 99.73% and 52.17% of the adult measurements in the control group, respectively. The brood period was 11.4 and 10.1 days in experimental group and control group. For Red-whiskered Bulbul, only mass at 7th day of age and tarsus length at 8th day of age showed significant differences. The growth rates of body mass, tarsus and wing in the experimental group were 0.34, 0.39 and 0.38 respectively, and in the control group were 0.70, 0.59 and 0.55. [Conclusion] Higher potential predation risk prolonged the brood period of Yellow-bellied Prinia and Red-whiskered Bulbul nestlings, and the development of Yellow-bellied Prinia nestlings was slower than that under normal predation risk. On the contrary, the growth characteristics of Red-whiskered Bulbul were more developed when fledging. Increasing the potential nest predation risk has different effects on nestlings of the Yellow-bellied Prinia and the Red-whiskered Bulbul, resulting in different changes in the growth and development patterns of different nestlings. The two nestlings may adopt different developmental strategies, which provided new insights into the effects of predation risk on the growth and development of birds. |
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