The geographical position of Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve is unique,the shallow seas and tidelands is vast, is a important relay station of the migratory bird migration route in the Asian and Pacific area, however at present because the fast proliferation of the Spartina Alterniflora caused the change of the local plant community and the swamp land ‘s structure, thus it has directly caused the drops of the birds biodiversity obviously, therefore the protector take the measure to recover and the optimize the wetland in Dongtan wetland, but while controlling and transforming the Spartina Alterniflora’s fast proliferation mutually the natural reserve transformed into the artificial wetland. This research divide the wetland which be controlled and transformed into four kinds of different artificial wetland types namely Fishing port optimization area namely The First phased project (have repaired), The bird’s habitat optimization area namely The Second phased projects (in repair), the artificial fish-crab pond, the Yao farmland. This research’s goal lies in the analysis the waterflowl’ s community characteristics in the different bird’s habitat as well as the different habitat utilization, and investigate the main factor which affect the bird’s community structure, and then puts forward some scientific proposals for the wetland transformation. Because the massive research in the earlier period indicated the birds quantity and species are rich in spring, can reflect Chongming Dongtan wetland’s ecology situation at present well. Therefore we separately carried on the birds and the habitat factor investigation in the above four kinds of different artificial wetland above from at the end of March, 2013 to the beginning of May,2013 in the flood tide time and the neap season time. This investigation altogether counts waterfowl 2357, subordinates slightly in 7 item 10 branch 45 kinds, in which Anas poecilorhyncha, Gallinula chloropus, Charadrius dubius, Charadrius alexandrines, Bubulus ibis、Tringa erythropus、Tringa glareola and so on are the dominant species. The non-parametric test analysis indicated that, four kinds of artificial wetland waterfowl type the spring, the density multiplicity have the significance difference. The correlation analysis were undertaken between habitat factors and characteristics of bird communities, according to the non-parametric results ,we can summarize that the bare shoal area, water area, the number of habitat islands are the key factors which affect the waterfowl distribution, then we can put forward some scientific suggestion to repair and improve for The Bird’s Habitat Optimization Area.