To explore the effects of X-ray on Pancreatic tissue structure,content of serum insulin and serum pancreatic amylase activity of mice．Adult mice were randomly allocated to 1 Gy,3 Gy,5 Gy group and 0 Gy control group (20 mice in each group),each group of mice were given corresponding dose of X-ray radiation． The changes of the pancreas tissue structure were observed by optical microscope,the changes of serum insulin content and pancreatic amylase enzyme activity were determined with double antibody clip art and colorimetric method． Results showed that the X-ray radiation causes pancreatic tissue swelling,the nucleus get bigger,cell degeneration necrosis in mice;1 Gy radiation insulin levels were increased to different degree compared with the control group mice, significant or extremely significant difference;3 Gy and 5 Gy radiation mice insulin levels decreased compared with control group, significant or extremely significant difference;3 Gy radiation group amylase activity were increased to different degree than the control group in mice, significant or extremely significant difference;5 Gy radiation group amylase activity in mice decreased compared with the control group,the extremely significant difference．Results showed that the X-ray effect in pancreas organization structure and the content of serum insulin and serum pancreatic amylase activity of mice．