In order to study reproductive characteristics of Hampala macrolepidota, we collected 438 samples in the Nanla River in Mengla County, Xishuangbanna Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province of China in 2009, 2010 and 2013. The research results proved that the body length of the female and the male group of H. macrolepidota at first maturity were 228mm and 205mm, and the body weight were 270.3g and 172.5g, respectively. On the basis of growth equation of H. macrolepidota, the age of the female and the male group of H. macrolepidota at first maturity were both 4 years old. Yearly change of gonado somatic index of reproductive population of the female and the male group of H. macrolepidota were almost consistent. The value of gonado somatic index increased gradually from January, March to April, augmented obviously in May and reached the peak in June, but decreased rapidly in July, then tended to be steady in August and September. It began to reproduce in April, and breeding of the fish concentrated in May and June and could continue to October. Sex ratio was 1 to 1.19, that was, the female population was less than the male, which was opposite with some other species belonging to subfamily Barbinae. But the number of the female was more than the male in May and June. The age of reproductive group consisted of 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 years. Among these, the 5 years group had the biggest percentage. The average egg-diameter in ovary at stage IV of H. macrolepidota was 1.18 mm. The distribution of egg-diameter presented a peak on the whole. H. macrolepidota belonged to total spawners based on the gonado somatic index curve and the distribution of the diameter of mature eggs. Absolute fecundity and relaive fecundity were 63 393 and 70.04 per gram, respectively. The proportion to reproduction of female H.macrolepidota in 5 years group was the largest, and the 4 years group taked second place. Compared with some other species of subfamily Barbinae including Spinibarbus yunnanensis, Spinibarbus sinensis, Spinibarbus hollandi, Poropuntius opisthopterus and Neolissochlus wynaadensis, the average egg- diameter of H. acrolepidota was relatively smaller, but the fecundity was relatively stronger. Through the study we could make clear the reproductive characteristics of fish so as to take effective measures to protect fish breeding and their living environment in the tropical rainforests in Xishuangbanna.