Euchiloglanis kishinouyei is an ancestral mountain fish, however, as a result of water project construction and over?shing, populations of the fish have declined extremely in abundance in the last decades. So,the protection of fish resource becomes particularly urgent and it is high time to take a series of protective measures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphological and cytochemical characteristics of peripheral blood cells of the fish by light microscopy, to provide information for domestication and disease cure and to accumulate basic data for hematology of the fish. In this work, red blood cell count (RBC) and haemoglobin concentration (Hb) were determined by fully automatic biochemical analyzer and blood smears stained with Wright’s and cytochemical stainings, including periodic-acid schiff (PAS), phenoloxidas (PO), sudan black B (SBB) and peroxidase (POX).Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.The results showed RBC was (0.55 ± 0.06)×1012 cell/L and hemoglobin concentration was (73.00 ± 5.57) g/L, and erythrocytes and four types of leukocytes: thrombocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes and heterophils, were identified in E. kishinouyei peripheral blood (Fig. 1). Additionally, erythrocytes were the most abundant and largest cells in smears of the peripheral blood, accounting for 98.03%. Thrombocytes were the predominant leukocyte, accounting for 37.06% of all leukocytes, whereas heterophils were rare, only accounting for 9.64% (Table 1).According to the size and morphologic features of heterophils and nucleus and quantities of cytoplasmic granules, type Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ of heterophils were recognized. Erythrocytes were negative for periodic-acid schiff (PAS), phenoloxidas (PO), sudan black B (SBB) and peroxidase (POX), and all leukocytes were positive for periodic-acid schiff (PAS) (Fig. 2). Type Ⅰ and Ⅲ of heterophils were strong positive for peroxidase (POX), while thrombocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes and type Ⅱ of heteropils were negative for peroxidase (POX) (Table 2).