Disuse leads to skeletal muscle atrophy in non-hibernating mammals. Despite facing prolonged periods of hibernation disuse, skeletal muscles in hibernators are well protected, characterized with integrative structure and excellent contractile ability during hibernation. Therefore, hibernators provide a natural model to study the mechanisms preventing disuse muscles atrophy. Understanding the mechanisms of the physiological adaptation in hibernators’ skeletal muscles is one of the major topics in physiological ecology field. However, such mechanisms in hibernators have not yet been elucidated. In this paper, physiological adaption of skeletal muscles to hibernation disuse is reviewed with respect to morphology, fiber type distribution contractile property. Moreover, the review focuses on the potential adaptive mechanism, including protein metabolism, regulations of growth, differentiation and metabolic type, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial structure and oxidative capacity.