Endometrial lesion is the main reason leading to cervical adhesion. Establishing an effective animal model of endometrial injury is an indispensable condition to study the disease occurrence, development and treatment. We established a Rat (Rattus norvegicus) model of endometrial injury by intrauterine injection of 95% alcohol. The numbers of embryo implantation were detected to analyze the effect of endometrial injury on the fertility. The thickness of endometrium, gland numbers and the area of fibrosis were observed to analyze the effects of ethanol treatment on the endometrium. The expressions of cytokeratin 19 (CK-19) and Vimentin were detected to analyze the status of epithelium and mesenchymal cells. The results showed that the specimen of Rat uterus in normal group was smooth and showed strong toughness compared with injury group, and the fertility in the injury group was significantly lower than that in control group (P < 0.01) (Fig. 1). Rat endometrium in the injury group was much thinner than that in control group (P < 0.01) (Fig. 2e). Moreover, compared with control group, the gland numbers in the injury group was significantly reduced (P < 0.01) (Fig. 2f), the area of fibrosis was increased (P < 0.01) (Fig. 2g) and the expression of CK-19 and vimentin was remarkably decreased (Fig. 3). The results suggest that the animal model of Rat endometrial injury is successfully established.