The difference of growth performance between one-year precious crabs Chinese Mitten Crab (Eridcheir sinensis) and two-year normally mature crabs has been remained unclear. Therefore, we compare the growth performance, coverage ratio of venter, gonadosomatic index (GSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) between one-year precious crabs (PF) and two-year normally mature crabs (NF) through monoculture in this study. The results showed that: (1) The individuals of PF were weighed more heavy than the individuals of NF significantly during 1st﹣2nd and 7th﹣8th molts for males (P < 0.05), while for the females the body weight difference showed a significant difference between crabs of PF and NF during 1st﹣5th and 7th molts (P < 0.05, Fig. 2), crabs of PF were more heavy; (2) The carapace length and carapace width of PF individuals were larger than NF individuals for both females and males with no significant difference (Fig. 3, Fig. 4); (3) In term of weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR), PF individuals possessed higher WGR after 1st﹣2nd molts but lower WGR after 3rd﹣8th molts; a downward trend were showed in the SGR of the two families during the juvenile crab culture stage, and NF individuals were higher than PF individuals with significant differences during 3rd﹣4th molts for both males and females (P < 0.05, Fig. 5, Fig. 6); (4) The PF individuals possessed longer interval during the 1st﹣5th molts but shorter interval during 6th﹣8th molts than NF individuals (Fig. 7); (5) The lower molting frequency in juvenile crab culture stage and higher molting frequency in adult crab culture stage of PF individuals (Fig. 8, Fig. 9); (6) In terms of the coverage ratio of venter by sternite, PF individuals was always higher than NF individual with no significance difference (P > 0.05, Fig. 10); (7) For both males and females, no significant difference were observed on the GSI and HSI between FP and NP individuals after their puberty molting (P > 0.05) (Fig. 11). In conclusion, both PF and NF individuals could complete puberty molting and gonadal development through monoculture with significant difference existed on the growth patterns between them, this would provide theoretical foundation and reference material for further study on the individual biology of E. sinensis.