This work is aimed to investigate the protective effect of curcumin (CRC) against ovarian oxidative stress induced by bisphenol A (BPA) in mice. Firstly, in order to explore the appropriate protective concentration of curcumin, 28-day-old female mice were divided into six groups: control group, curcumin (200 mg/kg) group, bisphenol A (10 mg/kg) group, bisphenol A (10 mg/kg) + curcumin (50 mg/kg) group, bisphenol A (10 mg/kg) + curcumin (100 mg/kg) group, and bisphenol A (10 mg/kg) + curcumin (200 mg/kg) group. Then, 28-day-old female mice were divided into four groups: control group, curcumin (100 mg/kg) group, bisphenol A (10 mg/kg) group, and bisphenol A (10 mg/kg) + curcumin (100 mg/kg) group to explore the protective mechanism of curcumin. Corn oil, bisphenol A and/or curcumin were orally administered for six weeks. After treatment, some ovaries were collected to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and to observe follicular atresia by histological evaluation after hematoxylin-eosin staining. The mRNA expression and activities of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) were also tested. The experimental data were statistically analyzed with variance analysis. The results showed that Bisphenol A exposure increased reactive oxygen species levels and induced ovarian oxidative stress, while co-treatment with curcumin could reverse bisphenol A-induced up-regulation of reactive oxygen species (Table 2). Bisphenol A exposure increased the percentage of atretic antral follicles and co-treatment with curcumin decreased antral follicle atresia (Table 2). Bisphenol A decreased the expression and activities of three key antioxidants, SOD, GPx and CAT. Co-treatment with curcumin could reverse bisphenol A-induced down-regulation of expression and activities of SOD, GPx and CAT (Fig. 2, 3). Therefore, it is possible that bisphenol A induces damage to the ovaries by oxidative stress pathway, and curcumin can reverse the ovary toxicity of bisphenol A to some degree.