Aggressiveness is one important dimension of animal personality, measuring an animal's tendency to express provoking and attacking actively toward other individuals. Animal aggressiveness has crucial connection with the social structure and hierarchy. In this study, the focal sampling and all-occurrence recording were used to sample the conflict behavior of captive Forest Musk Deer (Moschus berezovskii) in the Maerkang Musk Deer Breed Center of Sichuan from June 1, 2018 to July 31, 2018, and the aggressiveness personality (aggressiveness index) and hierarchy index of individuals were calculated respectively. The aggressiveness and hierarchy pattern of captive forest musk deer were analyzed (Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U), and the influencing factors and interrelationships between aggressiveness and hierarchy were also explored (Spearman relationship test). The results showed that there existed significant difference in aggressiveness between gender, in which the male was significantly more aggressive (0.45 ± 0.09, n = 22) than the female (0.22 ± 0.06, n = 30) (P < 0.05). Age and group density had no significant effect on aggressiveness (P > 0.05) of captive forest musk deer, and age and gender had no significant effect on hierarchy (P > 0.05). In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between the aggressive and hierarchy. The more aggressive the individual was, the higher the rank was in a group (r = 0.727, P < 0.05). It was speculated that this was related to the hierarchy construction and resource competition in the musk deer group.