This experiment used Grimelius argyrophil staining to observe and measure the effect of cyclic starvation on the morphological function and distribution density of argyrophilic cells in the digestive tract of rats (Rattus norvegicus). Rats were starved for one day after being fed for one day for a period of 14 days. SPSS 25.0 was used to conduct one-way ANOVA on argyrophilic cells in each part of the digestive tract in the experimental group and the control group. Moreover, a statistical analysis was conducted on the distribution density of the argyrophilic cells in the same part of the digestive tract by using the independent sample T test. The results showed that the argyrophilic cells were distributed in all segments of the digestive tract except for the esophagus in both groups. Morphologically, the argyrophilic cells in control group were mainly ellipse and cone-shaped (Table 1), while those in the experimental group were mainly cone-shaped (Table 1). The distribution density of argyrophilic cells in gastrointestinal tract of the two groups was the highest in stomach (Table 2). The density of arginophilic cells in the stomach in the control group was 44.95 ± 7.87, and that in the experimental group was 42.35 ± 10.95. Low density of arginophilic cells was found in the jejunum, cecum, ileum and rectum of control group (Table 2) and that in the experimental group was found from jejunum to rectum (Table 2). The distribution density of argyrophilic cells in in the cardia and pylorus of the experimental group was very significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.01), and that in the colon was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). These results indicate that cyclic starvation will significantly change the morphology of argyrophilic cells and reduce the distribution density of the cells in the digestive tract, which may be related to the changes in the function of the endocrine cells.