Monitoring of mammals and birds is an important part of biodiversity conservation. From April 2017 to May 2018, we installed 36 infrared-triggered cameras in Laoxiancheng National Nature Reserve of Shaanxi Province in 36 1 km x 1 km grids, and evaluated the species richness, relative abundance and photographic rate of mammals and birds. With a survey effort of 7 835 camera-days, we obtained 1 915 independent photographs and identified 32 mammals and birds belonging to 8 orders and 18 families. Among the recorder species, two were Endangered, four were Vulnerable, and three were Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List. The species with the highest relative abundance index (RAI) value in the reserve is Takin (Budorcas taxicolor) (IRA = 36.81) (Appendix 1). The species photographic rate of summer and autumn is higher than spring and winter (Fig. 3). There was no significant difference in the number of species and species diversity index at different seasons. There was also no significant difference in photographic rate, number of photographed species, and species diversity index at altitude. But there were significant differences in the photographic rate of the Takin at altitude (Table 1). Principal components analysis (PCA) showed that there had the correlation between the camera and the photographed species (Fig. 6 and Fig. 7), which was related to the habitat around the camera. In addition to providing a preliminary evaluation of mammal and species in the Laoxiancheng Nature Reserve, we also assessed the factors affected the distribution of species. This is the first study to investigate direct and quantitative data on species occurrences in this reserve. Our study provides important basis for future local wildlife research and conservation management.