Scales in squamate reptiles are the main features that distinguish them from the other amniotes. The ultrastructure of scales in squamate reptiles was an adaptation to the local environment. We used scanning electron microscope to observe the microornamentation and scale sensilla on heads, middle dorsal and middle ventral parts of Takydromus septentrionalis, Dopasia harti and Elaphe carinata. Our results showed that there were interspecies and intraspecific differences in the microornamentation and scale sensilla of the examined species: 1) oberhautchen of T. septentrionalis and E. carinata was consisted of ?at and strap-shaped cells, but oberhautchen of O. harti was formed by polygonal cells; 2) the lenticular scale sensilla existed on the chin-shields of O. harti and E. carinata, while there was no lenticular scale sensilla on the chin-shields of T. septentrionalis; 3) the posterior margin denticulations were present on the oberhautchen of T. septentrionalis and E. carinata, however, the denticulations of E. carinata were wider and longer than in T. septentrionalis; 4) the oberhautchen cells appeared erect ridge on circumocular scales, while flat and strap-shaped cells were found on the scales of other parts in E. carinata. Simultaneously, a total of 17 families and 99 species of dorsal scale microornamentation data and 8 families and 25 species of receptor data were collected and ancestral reconstructions were performed on terrestrial squamate microornamentation and scale sensilla. The results showed that the narrow strap-shaped cells mainly existed in the Lacertide, Colubridae and Scincidae, while the polygonal cells existed in the Agamidae, Anguidae, Boidae and Viperidae. The ancestral morphology of scale sensilla was lenticular-like and lenticular, furthermore, the lenticular structure has evolved repeatedly. In addition, we speculated that the microornamentations and scale sensilla of the O. harti were closer to those snakes. Therefore, it was deduced that the morphological features of the microornamentations and scale sensillum of squamates contributed to their ecological adaptation to preferential microhabitats.