Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) is not only the ancestor of domestic pigs,but also important genetic resources and the constituent of biological diversity.In order to further get insight into the genetic variability in its population and provide the genetic background and guidance for its conservation and utilization,the microsatellite DNA polymorphisms for 65 individuals sampled from the southern area of Yunnan province were assayed by using PCR and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.Of 76 microsatellite loci tested which are located on swine's 19 chromosomes,a total of 349 alleles were detected,and the number of alleles varied from 3 to 9 and the number of effective alleles from 1.683 5 to 8.066 7, with the mean value of 4.592 1±1.145 2 alleles and 3.709 9±0.990 4 effective alleles per locus.The observed heterozygosity,expected heterozygosity and polymorphism information content were estimated to be 0.949 2±0.113 5,0.711 6±0.078 7,and 0.663 4±0.092 1,respectively.The results show that the genetic diversity in the population of the Wild Boar in Yunnan Province is high.