This study investigated the effects of different temperatures（10℃,20℃,30℃,37℃）on the immune functions and sizes of in vitro erythrocytes from the pre-hibernal Chinese Big Toad（Bufo gargarizans）and the Soft-shelled Turtle（Trionyx sinensis）.The erythrocytic immunocompetence was observed by the tests of erythrocyte-C₃b receptor rosette（E-C₃bR）and erythrocyte immune complex rosette（E-ICR）,and the long-diameter and short-diameter of erythrocyte were measured.The results showed that,in Chinese Big Toad,the rate of E-C₃bR rosette was reduced with temperature increasing from 10℃ to 37℃,significantly lower at 30℃ and 37℃ than at 10℃,indicating that the temperature plays an important role in formation of E-C₃bR rosette.However,the rates of E-ICR rosette and erythrocyte sizes had no significant change at different temperatures.Besides,in the Soft-shelled Turtle,the rates of E-C₃bR rosette,E-ICR rosette and the erythrocyte size had no significant difference among different temperature groups.The results also demonstrated that the rates of E-C₃bR rosette and E-ICR rosette in the Soft-shelled Turtle were higher than those of the Chinese Big Toads at different temperatures,except the rate of E-ICR rosette at 10℃,while the long-diameter and short-diameter of erythrocyte in Soft-shelled Turtle were obviously smaller than those of toads.The results above demonstrate that the temperature significantly affects the immune functions of erythrocyte in Chinese Big Toad,but not in Soft-shelled Turtle.Therefore,with animal evolution,the endurance to the temperature changes and the erythrocyte immunocompetence in Soft-shelled Turtle is higher than that in Chinese Big Toad.