The phylogenetic relationships among anuran amphibians are revealed mainly by classical morphology and modern molecular biology. The characters of larval morphology and development are also important indicators for the phylogenetic relationships,because frogs and tadpoles have evolved independently. Herein, the morphology of larval chondrocranium and hyobranchial apparatus are described in the Chinese forest frog Rana chensinensis and the big toad Bufo gargarizans,and the phylogenetic tree is constructed from the larval characters. The results of our work support Orton’s opinion that anuran larvae can be divided into four types, and are identical with Tihen’s view that anurans with Type-Ⅲ larvae were the most basal. The Type-Ⅳ larvae of R. chensinensis and B. gargarizans,which belong to the Neobatrachia,are the most advanced.