To investigate the genetic diversity of Esox lucius in China,8 pairs of microsatellite primers were used to analyze 4 geographical populations(185 reach of Eerqisi River,635 reach of Eerqisi River,Wulungu Lake and Jili Lake) of E.lucius The results show that the average number of allele is 6.625 0 and the polymorphic information content varies between 0.603 6 and 0.656 5,which can be used for the analysis of genetic diversity and genetic structure effectively.The average expected heterozygosity values of four populations range from 0.712 6 to 0.660 0,which indicates a higher level of genetic diversity in wild populations.The total inbreeding coefficient of entire populations is 0.266 6 and the inbreeding phenomenon exists in a small number of individuals,indicating that there is a tendency toward inbreeding in E.lucius populations.The average differentiation coefficient is 0.062 2,the genetic variation among populations accounts for 6.22% of the total variation,the differentiation among populations is in a low degree and the values of gene flow among populations range from 10.077 5 to 3.360 6,indicating a wide gene exchange among E.lucius populations.