A survey was conducted on number and distribution of wintering Eurasian Spoonbills (Platalea leucorodia) at Poyang Lake Nature Reserve from Oct.2007 to March 2010. The highest numbers of the spoonbills were 4 757, 10 385 and 7 268 in winters 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively, all recorded in December or January.Of nine lakes in the reserve, Dahuchi, Shahu and Changhuchi were three major sites for the spoonbills, accounting for more than 85% of the total number each winter.The spatial distribution characteristics of winters Eurasian Spoonbills at the reserve was shown by ArcGIS analysis.During daytime, Eurasian Spoonbill moved around in flocks, normally less than 500 individuals in each flock.At present, there are still threats to Eurasian Spoonbills and other waterbirds in Poyang Lake, including intensive fishing activities, as well as potential impact from the Three Gorges Dam.A long-term monitoring program of Eurasian Spoonbills and other migratory birds should be established to strengthen the conservation and management of migratory birds in the reserve and for the whole Poyang Lake basin.