The avifauna and community structure of birds in Wuhai of Inner Mongolia were investigated from April in 2009 to March in 2010.A total of 132 bird species belonging to 17 orders, 37 families were recorded. Among them, 26 birds are residents, 71 are summer visitors, 27 passing migrants and 8 winter visitors. Among the birds, 97 including 83 Palaearctic species breed in the study area accounting for 85.6% of the breeding birds. The Shannon-Wiener index and evenness index in Spring are higher than in any other seasons; and the Shannon-Wiener index in wetland is higher than in any other habitats. Some conservation suggestions are put forward for birds and their survival environment.