In order to know the road-effect zone of birds and the effect of traffic noise around Napahai Wetland Highway on Black-necked Crane (Grus nigricollis) behavior, we drove at low speed (40 km/h) along the highway and stopped on selected spots to investigate the avoidance distance of birds, and on foot to observe the behavioral reaction of Black-necked Crane during experimental vehicle passing by along wetland highway. The results indicate: (1) A total of 36 bird species were recorded, including 4 species list first-class protection, and 3 species list second-class protection. Roadside species richness of water birds accounted for 42.86 percent of Napahai wetland; (2) Road-effect zone of birds ranged from 10.17 m to 189.63 m, among of which 50 m to 100 m extent concentrated 60 percent species, which was relative to traffic noise decreased quickly and excellent habitat of water-land intersection area. There was no correlation between road-effect zone and population amount, as to sensitive species Black-necked Crane its road-effect zone was 135.18 m; (3) The behavioral reaction of Black-necked Crane was correlate to initial status and vertical distance to highway, which suggested if Black-necked Crane be alert at beginning, it would react sensitively (such as walk away or fly away), and the closer its distance to highway, the more possible it flies away. We advised to strengthen the protection of roadside bird in Napahai wetland, strictly protected roadside water-land intersection area vertical to highway from 50 m to 100 m; Strictly limited speed 20 km/h, prohibited whistle, limited visitors’ activities (such as away from habitat of Black-necked Crane at least 125 m)and prohibited stopping on the highway, et al; Regarding sensitive species Black-necked Crane, route selection in the future new highway should avoid habitat 135 m away at least.