Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis) is an old, rare and endemic reptile in China. The distribution range of alligators decreased and the wild population is locally isolated in the degenerative habitat. The wild population was estimated at 120-150 with a higher proportion of aged individuals. More efforts have been put into protection for the isolated populations and their habitat in the wild recently. The habitat of wild alligator has become better, captive alligators have been reintroducted to wild populations. Those management approaches has preliminarily stopped the decline of population size in the wild. In addition, the captive populations have reached to more than 10 000 and genetic control on captive population has been initiated. Most researches conducted on Chinese alligator are on morphology, anatomy, embryology, ecology, physiology, biochemistry, cell and molecular biology, captive breeding techniques. However, in the field of nutritional physiology, and genetic conservation, people has not made enough efforts yet.