长白山自然保护区黑熊和棕熊种群数量动态分析
作者:
基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目(No.30670389),中国人与生物圈委员会资助项目(1985),国家林业局动物监测项目(2007)


Population Size Variation of Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus) and Brown Bear (U.arctos) between 1986 to 2010 in the Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve, China
Author:
  • 摘要
  • | |
  • 访问统计
  • |
  • 参考文献 [14]
  • |
  • 相似文献 [20]
  • | | |
  • 文章评论
    摘要:

    1986~2010年冬季采用路线调查方法,对吉林省长白山国家级自然保护区阔叶红松林和针叶林中的黑熊(Ursus thibetanus)及棕熊(U.arctos)的相对种群数量和幼年个体比例进行了长期调查。调查面积分别为4万和3万hm2。调查期间累计遇到黑熊65头次(2.6头/年)、棕熊46头次(1.8头/年)。各年度黑熊和棕熊的数量变动很大,总体呈下降趋势。黑熊的数量较20世纪80年代下降了93.4%,幼体所占比率从17.2%下降为0%;棕熊种群数量下降了38.8%,幼体所占比率仅为7.1%。黑熊和棕熊的种群幼体所占比例极低,说明长白山自然保护区黑熊和棕熊自然繁殖力很低,2种熊种群均处于极度濒危状态。栖息地减少和盗猎可能是导致熊类数量急剧下降的主要因素。

    Abstract:

    The relatively population density and ratio of adult to young of the Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus) and the Brown Bear (U.arctos) were surveyed on transects in broad-leaved pine mixed forest (40 000 hm2) and conifer forest (30 000 hm2) in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve from 1986 to 2010.Total of 65 Black Bear (2.6 ind/a) and 46 Brown Bear (1.8 ind/a) were accumulatively counted. Both the population size of Black and Brown Bear varied greatly with a trend of decline. The current relative density of Black Bear had decreased 93.4% and the percentage of young to population had decline from 17.2% to zero since 1980s. The relative density of Brown Bear was very low (0.021-0.029 ind/km), and the ratio of young to adult was only 7.1%. The lower percentage of young bears found in this survey indicated that both bear species were endangered in the study area. Habitat reduction and fragmentation, poaching are considered as major reason for population declined in the Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve.

    参考文献
    [1] 中国科学院动物研究所兽类研究组. 东北兽类调查报告. 北京: 科学出版社, 1958: 1-144.
    [2] 马逸清. 黑龙江省10年来熊类资源的分布及变动趋势. 兽类学报, 1986, 6(2): 89-91.
    [3] 张明海. 黑龙江省熊类资源现状及其保护对策. 动物学杂志, 2002, 37(6): 47-52.
    [4] Roberts T J. The Mammals of Pakistan. London: Oxford University Press, 1977: 361.
    [5] Azuma S, Torh H. Impact of human activities on survival of the Japanese black bear. International Conference on Bear Research and Management, 1980, 4: 71-91.
    [6] Ma Y. The status of bears in China. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 1983, 174: 165-166.
    [7] 何敬杰. 长白山自然保护区珍稀动物生态分布及其保护的研究//吉林省长白山自然保护区管理局科研所. 长白山自然保护区科研论文集. 延边: 延边人民出版社, 1984: 207-214.
    [8] 赵正阶. 长白山的兽类资源及其现状//吉林省长白山自然保护区管理局科研所. 长白山自然保护区科研论文集. 延边: 延边人民出版社, 1984: 215-222.
    [9] 王绍先. 长白山保护开发区生物资源. 沈阳: 辽宁科学技术出版社, 2007: 320-329.
    [10] 代力民, 谷会岩, 邵国凡, 等. 中国长白山阔叶红松林. 沈阳: 辽宁科学技术出版社, 2004: 12-13.
    [11] Reid D, Jiang M, Teng Q, et al. Ecology of the Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) in Sichuan, China. Mammalia, 1991, 55(2): 221-238.
    [12] Garshelis D L, Pelton M R. Movements of black bears in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. J Wildlife Manage, 1981, 45(4): 912-925.
    [13] 张伟, 莫运明, 罗宇, 等. 广西黑熊资源调查及保护对策. 动物学杂志, 2011, 46(2): 39-45.
    [14] Servheen C, Herrero S, Peyton B. Bears: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. Gland: IUCN, 1999: 33-38.
    引证文献
    网友评论
    网友评论
    分享到微博
    发 布
引用本文

朴正吉,朴龙国,王卓聪,罗玉梅,王超,睢亚橙.2012.长白山自然保护区黑熊和棕熊种群数量动态分析.动物学杂志,47(3):66-72.

复制
文章指标
  • 点击次数:3554
  • 下载次数: 4294
  • HTML阅读次数: 0
  • 引用次数: 0
历史
  • 收稿日期:2011-11-24
  • 最后修改日期:2012-03-15
  • 在线发布日期: 2012-06-22