Bruce effect is a kind of pregnancy block caused by unfamiliar male’s chemosignals. It has been studied in different aspects, from behavior to endocrine, to neural mechanism and to evolutionary significance. Here we review studies on Bruce effect in rodent species, especially in mice (Mus musculus). The evolutionary significance of Bruce effect is discussed. The potential chemosignals inducing pregnancy block are also summarized. Lastly, we also suggest the trends and perspectives of studies in this area.